Chapter 6 Terms

Question 0

Allosteric site

Answer 0

Site on an allosteric enzyme that binds an effector molecule; binding alters the activity of the enzyme.

Question 1

Active Site

Answer 1

Region of an enzyme where the substrate binds and where the chemical reaction occurs.

Question 2

Chemical energy

Answer 2

Energy associated with the interaction of atoms in a molecule.

Question 3

Coenzyme

Answer 3

Nonprotein organic molecule that aids the action of the enzyme to which it is loosely bound.

Question 4

Cofactor

Answer 4

Nonprotein assistant required by an enzyme in order to function; many cofactors are metal ions, others are coenzymes.

Question 5

Competitive Inhibition

Answer 5

Form of enzyme inhibition where the substrate and inhibitor are both able to bind to the enzyme’s active site. Only when the substrate is at the active site will product form.

Question 6

Denatured

Answer 6

Loss of a protein’s or enzyme’s normal shape so that it no longer functions; usually caused by a less than optimal pH and temperature.

Question 7

Electron transport chain

Answer 7

Process in a cell that involves the passage of electrons along a series of membrane-bound electron carrier molecules from a higher energy to a lower energy level; the energy released is used for the synthesis of ATP.

Question 8

Endergonic reactions

Answer 8

Chemical reaction that requires an input of energy; opposite of emerging reaction.

Question 9

Energy of activation

Answer 9

Energy that must be added in order for molecules to react with one another.

Question 10

Entropy

Answer 10

Measure of disorder or randomness in a system.

Question 11

Enzyme inhibition

Answer 11

Means by which cells regulate enzyme activity; may be competitive or noncompetitive inhibition.

Question 12

Exergonic reactions

Answer 12

Chemical reaction that releases energy; opposite of endergonic reaction.

Question 13

First law of thermodynamics

Answer 13

Shs

Question 14

Free energy

Answer 14

Energy in a system that is capable of performing work.

Question 15

Induced fit model

Answer 15

Change in the shape of an enzyme’s active site that enhances the fit between the active site and its substrate(s).

Question 16

Metabolic pathway

Answer 16

Series of linked reactions, beginning with a particular reactant and terminating with an end product.

Question 17

Metabolism

Answer 17

The sum of chemical reactions that occur in a cell.

Question 18

Noncompetitive inhibition

Answer 18

Form of enzyme inhibition where the inhibitor binds to an enzyme at a location other than the active site; while at this site, the enzyme shape changes, the inhibitor is unable to bind to its substrate, and no product forms.

Question 19

Oxidation

Answer 19

Loss of one or more electrons from an atom or molecule; in biological systems, generally the loss of hydrogen atoms.

Question 20

Oxidation-reduction reaction

Answer 20

A paired set of chemical reactions in which one molecule gives up electrons (oxidized) while another molecule accepts electrons (reduced); commonly called a redux reaction.