Chapter 7 - Photosynthesis Flashcards
What are organisms that can make their own food called?
Autotrophs
Plants convert _____ compounds into ______ compounds
Inorganic, organic
What is it called when the peaks of wavelengths line up?
Constructive interference
What are the discreet particles of light called?
Photons
Photons with short wavelengths have more or less energy?
more
Does chlorophyll reflect or absorb green?
reflect
What is cartenoid?
An accessory pigment in plants
What do the tail and ring of chlorophyll do?
Tail anchors it to the thylakoid membrane; electrons bounce around in the ring
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2
What type of reaction is photosynthesis?
redox
Which reactant is being reduced and which is being oxidized during photosynthesis?
CO2 reduced to glucose
H2o oxidized to oxygen
What is the range of photosynthesis efficiency?
.1-8%
What 4 factors influence photosynthesis efficiency?
frequency of light
tempertaure
CO2 concentration
light intensity
Which section of the leaf does photosynthesis occur in?
mesophyll
Which photosystem splits water?
Photosystem II
Where do the pigments in photosystem II that gave up electrons get replacements from?
H+ from splitting the water
What is the Calvin cycle?
light independent reaction of photosynthesis
What are the reactants of the Calvin cycle?
CO2
ATP
NADPH
What are the products of the Calvin cycle?
Glucose (G3P)
ADP
NADP+
What are the 3 basic stages of the Calvin cycle?
- Carboxylation
- Reduction
- Regeneration
What are plants that only use the Calvin cycle to fix CO2 called?
C3
What is formed when CO2 is fixed to RuBP?
a 6 carbon molecule is formed
What are some examples of other molecules G3P can be used to form?
Fatty acids and glycerol for plant oils glucose phosphate fructose starch and cellulose amino acids
What happens when plants do not have enough CO2 so oxygen is fixed instead?
Photorespiration
How do C4 plants minimize photorespiration?
They separate CO2 fixation and Calvin Cycle
How do CAM plants function differently from others?
Fix CO2 at night so they can close stomata during day
When NADPH is oxidized it becomes
NADP+
Which two products of the Calvin cycle are recycled back to photosystems II and I
ADP
NADP+
Which product of the Calvin cycle is used to make glucose?
G3P
Does metabolism create order or disorder?
disorder
What is one calorie
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of water by 1 degree C
Where do anaerobic pathways start and end?
Gycolysis- cytoplasm
Which reactant of cellular respiration is reduced and which is oxidized?
glucose- oxidized to CO2
O2- reduced to H2O
What is the first stage of cellular respiration called?
Glycolysis
What is the first step of glycolysis called?
Prepatory(energy-requiring step)
What is substrate level phospholyzation
ATP formation without going through electron transport
What happens to pyruvate in the preparatory reaction before the krebs cycle?
It is oxidized into 2 carbon acytel groups and CO2 is released
What are the reactants of the Krebs cycle?
Acetyl CoA
3 NAD+
FAD
ADP
What are the products of the krebs cycle?
coenzyme A 2 CO2 3 NADH 1 FADH2 1 ATP
Where do all the carbon molecules in pyruvate go?
CO2
About how many ATP does cellular respiration create?
36
How many ATP are formed by electron transport
32
How many ATP are produced per NADH and FADH
3,2
What is the enzyme that forms ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate?
ATP synthase
What is the efficiency of cellular respiration?
38%
What are the guardians of the cell cycle called?
Cyclins
What is it called when cancer spreads to other parts of the body?
Metastasis
What is an ocogene?
A mutated proto-ocogene that promotes the cell cycle and can cause cancer
What is it called when new blood vessels form to provide nutrients for cancerous cells?
angiogenisis
