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Bio > Chapter 7 - Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Photosynthesis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are organisms that can make their own food called?

A

Autotrophs

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2
Q

Plants convert _____ compounds into ______ compounds

A

Inorganic, organic

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3
Q

What is it called when the peaks of wavelengths line up?

A

Constructive interference

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4
Q

What are the discreet particles of light called?

A

Photons

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5
Q

Photons with short wavelengths have more or less energy?

A

more

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6
Q

Does chlorophyll reflect or absorb green?

A

reflect

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7
Q

What is cartenoid?

A

An accessory pigment in plants

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8
Q

What do the tail and ring of chlorophyll do?

A

Tail anchors it to the thylakoid membrane; electrons bounce around in the ring

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9
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2

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10
Q

What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

A

redox

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11
Q

Which reactant is being reduced and which is being oxidized during photosynthesis?

A

CO2 reduced to glucose

H2o oxidized to oxygen

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12
Q

What is the range of photosynthesis efficiency?

A

.1-8%

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13
Q

What 4 factors influence photosynthesis efficiency?

A

frequency of light
tempertaure
CO2 concentration
light intensity

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14
Q

Which section of the leaf does photosynthesis occur in?

A

mesophyll

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15
Q

Which photosystem splits water?

A

Photosystem II

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16
Q

Where do the pigments in photosystem II that gave up electrons get replacements from?

A

H+ from splitting the water

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17
Q

What is the Calvin cycle?

A

light independent reaction of photosynthesis

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18
Q

What are the reactants of the Calvin cycle?

A

CO2
ATP
NADPH

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19
Q

What are the products of the Calvin cycle?

A

Glucose (G3P)
ADP
NADP+

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20
Q

What are the 3 basic stages of the Calvin cycle?

A
  1. Carboxylation
  2. Reduction
  3. Regeneration
21
Q

What are plants that only use the Calvin cycle to fix CO2 called?

A

C3

22
Q

What is formed when CO2 is fixed to RuBP?

A

a 6 carbon molecule is formed

23
Q

What are some examples of other molecules G3P can be used to form?

A 
Fatty acids and glycerol for plant oils
glucose phosphate
fructose
starch and cellulose
amino acids
24
Q

What happens when plants do not have enough CO2 so oxygen is fixed instead?

A

Photorespiration

25
Q

How do C4 plants minimize photorespiration?

A

They separate CO2 fixation and Calvin Cycle

26
Q

How do CAM plants function differently from others?

A

Fix CO2 at night so they can close stomata during day

27
Q

When NADPH is oxidized it becomes

A

NADP+

28
Q

Which two products of the Calvin cycle are recycled back to photosystems II and I

A

ADP

NADP+

29
Q

Which product of the Calvin cycle is used to make glucose?

A

G3P

30
Q

Does metabolism create order or disorder?

A

disorder

31
Q

What is one calorie

A

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of water by 1 degree C

32
Q

Where do anaerobic pathways start and end?

A

Gycolysis- cytoplasm

33
Q

Which reactant of cellular respiration is reduced and which is oxidized?

A

glucose- oxidized to CO2

O2- reduced to H2O

34
Q

What is the first stage of cellular respiration called?

A

Glycolysis

35
Q

What is the first step of glycolysis called?

A

Prepatory(energy-requiring step)

36
Q

What is substrate level phospholyzation

A

ATP formation without going through electron transport

37
Q

What happens to pyruvate in the preparatory reaction before the krebs cycle?

A

It is oxidized into 2 carbon acytel groups and CO2 is released

38
Q

What are the reactants of the Krebs cycle?

A

Acetyl CoA
3 NAD+
FAD
ADP

39
Q

What are the products of the krebs cycle?

A 
coenzyme A 
2 CO2
3 NADH
1 FADH2
1 ATP
40
Q

Where do all the carbon molecules in pyruvate go?

A

CO2

41
Q

About how many ATP does cellular respiration create?

A

36

42
Q

How many ATP are formed by electron transport

A

32

43
Q

How many ATP are produced per NADH and FADH

A

3,2

44
Q

What is the enzyme that forms ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate?

A

ATP synthase

45
Q

What is the efficiency of cellular respiration?

A

38%

46
Q

What are the guardians of the cell cycle called?

A

Cyclins

47
Q

What is it called when cancer spreads to other parts of the body?

A

Metastasis

48
Q

What is an ocogene?

A

A mutated proto-ocogene that promotes the cell cycle and can cause cancer

49
Q

What is it called when new blood vessels form to provide nutrients for cancerous cells?

A

angiogenisis

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