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Bio > Chapter 5- Membrane Structure and Function > Flashcards

Chapter 5- Membrane Structure and Function Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

According to the mosaic model, plasma membranes are primarily made of

A

Phospholipids
cholesterol
proteins

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2
Q

What is rotational movement?

A

a phospholipid rotating on its axis to interact with its neighbors

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3
Q

What is lateral diffusion?

A

lateral movement of lipids and proteins found in the membrane

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4
Q

What is transverse diffusion?

A

The movement of a lipid or protein from one membrane surface to another

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5
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

Cellular suicide

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6
Q

What is the difference in electric potential between the interior and exterior of the cell called?

A

membrane potential

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7
Q

Which 3 factors contribute to membrane potential?

A

unequal distribution of ions
inability of anions to leave cell
potassium sodium pump

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8
Q

What is the usual range of membrane potential?

A

-40 mV to -90 mV

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9
Q

Disruption of the resting membrane potential causes?

A

muscle contraction

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10
Q

What are glycoproteins?

A

proteins with attached carbohydrate chains

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11
Q

Where are glycolipids located?

A

On the outside of the membrane

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12
Q

What are the types of membrane proteins?

A 
channel
carrier
cell recognition
receptor
enzymatic
junction
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13
Q

Which substances can diffuse through the membrane?

A

gases
hydrophobic molecules
small uncharged polar molecules

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14
Q

which molecules have the lowest permeabilty?

A

ions

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15
Q

What does moving down a gradient mean?

A

move from more crowded area to less crowded

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16
Q

What are 4 types of passive transport?

A

diffusion
filtration
facilitated diffiusion
osmosis

17
Q

What is filtration?

A

physical pressure forces substance through membrane

18
Q

What are 5 factors that affect diffusion rate?

A 
steepness of gradient
temp
molecular size
surface area
membrane permeability
19
Q

What is facilitated difussion?

A

movement down a gradient with help of protein channels

20
Q

What is tonicity?

A

relative concentration of solutions that determines direction of diffusion

21
Q

What is a hypotonic solution?

A

concentration of solute is lower than cell, causes cell to swell

22
Q

What are the channels that allow water to diffuse through the membrane?

A

aquaporins

23
Q

how are transport proteins activated?

A

by phosphate from ATP

24
Q

What is the source of energy for secondary active transport?

A

The gradient that was created by primary active transport

25
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

engulfing something and bringing it into the cell membrane

26
Q

What are the types of endocytosis?

A

phagocytosis
pinocytosis-liquid/small particle`
receptor-mediated endocytosis

27
Q

endo/exocytosis are what type of transport?

A

vesicular (active)

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