Chapter 7 Moral Development Flashcards
conduct that is regulated by mutual respect and consent
Morality of Cooperation
conduct that is coerced by rules or restraint
Morality of Constraint
judgments based solely on the consequences of wrongdoing
Objective Judgments
judgments that take into account intentions or motives
Subjective Judgments
the earlier of Piaget’s two stages of moral development, in which individuals slavishly follow the rules they are given
Moral Realism
the latter of Piaget’s two stages of moral development, in which individuals make their own moral judgments rather than blindly following the rules
Moral Relativism
the child’s belief that immoral behavior inevitably brings pain or punishment as a natural consequence of the transgression
Immanent Justice
according to Kohlberg, the first level of development of moral thought, based on reward and punishment
Preconventional Moral Reasoning
the more primitive level of preconventional moral reasoning in which one acts so as to avoid negative consequences
Punishment Orientation
the more advanced of the two preconventional moral reasoning levels, in which one acts so as to gain a future reward
Instrumental Hedonism Orientation
according to Kohlberg, the second level of development of moral thought, based on the desire to conform to social convention
Conventional Moral Reasoning
the first of the two levels of conventional moral reasoning, in which one acts so as to win others approval
Good Girl-Good Boy Orientation
the more advanced of the two levels of conventional moral reasoning, in which one unquestioningly obeys society’s rules and laws
Law and Order Orientation
according to Kohlberg, the third level of development of moral thought, based on adherence to to universal principles
Postconventional Moral Reasoning
the type of postconventional moral reasoning in which one believes that individual actions should serve the greater good
Social Contract Orientation
the highest form of moral reasoning, in which one acts according to his or her abstract moral principles
Universal Principled Reasoning
the ability to think about one’s own thought processes
Metacognition
an approach to moral development that stresses the contextual nature of moral decisions and distinguishes social conventions from moral rules
Social-Cognitive Domain Model
social rules that are concerned with how people behave towar done another
Moral Rules
social rules that dictate what is appropriate and expected
Social Conventions
aspects of behavior that involve independent choices with which others have no right to interfere
Personal Preferences
actions that benefit, help, and bolster others
Prosocial Behavior
the ability to stand up for one’s values, especially those concerning fairness
Moral Courage
the resources available to an individual through his or her interpersonal connections
Social Capital
the activation of neural pathways so that ambiguous or neutral stimuli are perceived as similar to what has been previously perceived
Cognitive Priming
the right to be protected by adults and societal institutions
Nurturance Rights
the right to have one’s own own opinions and make one’s own decisions
Self-Determination
an approach to moral education that teaches students to accept specific moral values, such as honesty and trustworthiness
Inculcation
an approach to moral education that uses moral dilemmas and the like to give youths experience in higher-level reasoning
Moral Development
a method of teaching values that helps students become aware of their own beliefs and values
Values Clarifications
an approach to moral education that emphasizes community service
Service Learning
an approach to moral education that emphasizes using logical reasoning to solve social dilemmas
Analysis
