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Adolescent Psych > Chapter 5 Cognitive Development > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Cognitive Development Flashcards

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0
Q

the first stage of Piagets cognitive development lasting from birth-2

A

Sensorimotor Stage

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1
Q

logical processes that allow for flexible thought

A

Mental Operations

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2
Q

the second stage of Piagets cognitive development from ages 2-7

A

Preoperational Stage

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3
Q

third stage of Piagets cognitive development from ages 7-11

A

Concrete Operational

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4
Q

the fourth stage of Piagets cognitive development from ages 12 and on during which people develop abstract thought independent of concrete objects

A

Formal Operational

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5
Q

proceeding from particular to particular in thought, without making generalizations

A

Transductive Reasoning

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6
Q

gathering individual items of information and putting them together to form hypotheses and conclusions

A

Inductive Reasoning

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7
Q

beginning with a hypothesis or premise and breaking it down to see if its true

A

Deductive Reasoning

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8
Q

the act of trying to link ideas

A

Syncretism

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9
Q

the preoperational belief that inanimate objects have humanlike porperties

A

Animism

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10
Q

the tendency of children to focus attention on one detail and their inability to shift attention to other aspects

A

Centering

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11
Q

the ability to divide objects into nested series of categories

A

Hierarchical Classification

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12
Q

understanding that objects can be fit into different levels of hierarchies

A

Class Inclusion Relationships

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13
Q

the ability to solve problems such as “Tom is taller than Fred, and Fred is taller than Marty. Is Tom taller than Marty?”

A

Transitive Inferences

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14
Q

the act of lining things up in order from large to small or small to large

A

Seriate

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15
Q

tests used by Piaget to determine whether children had mastered concrete operations, such as understanding that changing and object’s appearance does not alter its fundamental properties

A

Conservation Problems

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16
Q

a way to solve problems using the scientific method; only one factor at a time is varied while all else is held constant

A

Hypothetico-Deductive Reasoning

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17
Q

insisting upon high standards of behavior

A

Idealistic

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18
Q

discrepancy between what people say and what they do

A

Hypocrisy

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19
Q

the tendency to approach problems at much too complex a level and to fail, not because the tasks are difficult, but because they are too simple

A

Pseudostupidity

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20
Q

the inability to take the perspective of another or to imagine the other persons point of view

A

Egocentricism

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21
Q

adolescent’s belief that other are constantly paying attention to them

A

Imaginary Audience

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22
Q

adolescents belief that they are invulnerable and that their feeling are special and unique

A

Personal Fable

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23
Q

thinking about one’s thoughts and feelings

A

Introspection

24
Q

an advanced form of reasoning that allows one to create new and better insights by integrating conflicting data

A

Dialectics

25
Q

an approach to studying cognition that focuses on the perception, attention, retrieval, and manipulation of information

A

Information-Processing Approach

26
Q

the process by which information is received and transduced by the senses, usually in a fraction of a second

A

Sensory Storage

27
Q

the process by which information is still in the conscious mind, being rehearsed and focused on (also called primary memory)

A

Short-Term Storage

28
Q

the process by which information is perceived and processed deeply so it passes into the layers of memory below the conscious level (also called secondary memory)

A

Long-Term Storage

29
Q

the pace at which the brain perceives and manipulates information

A

Processing Speed

30
Q

to develop new thoughts from old information

A

Inference

31
Q

the conscious, deliberate manipulation of information

A

Thinking

32
Q

a strategy used to disprove

A

Negation

33
Q

a strategy used to confirm

A

Affirmation

34
Q

looking for evidence that disproves a hypothesis

A

Elimination Strategy

35
Q

looking for examples that match a hypothesis

A

Confirmation Strategy

36
Q

looking at the world in a way that favors one’s own opinion

A

Self-Serving Bias

37
Q

logical, constrained, useful thinking

A

Reasoning

38
Q

abstract, theoretical guidelines

A

Principles

39
Q

the ability to think about one’s own thought process

A

Metacognition

40
Q

the ability to monitor and direct one’s thoughts

A

Executive Control

41
Q

rules of thumb, general strategies or principles

A

Heuristics

42
Q

a theory of decision making that says that adolescents can logically and analytically make choices, but that they often rely upon intuition and short-term benefits instead

A

Dual Process Theory

43
Q

one’s belief about knowledge

A

Epistemology

44
Q

believing that there are absolutes, universal truths; creates difficulty in distinguishing fact from opinion

A

Naive Realists

45
Q

believing that there are absolute and universal truths but people are biased; differentiates from fact and opinion

A

Defensive Realists

46
Q

those who cling rigidly to one belief

A

Dogmatists

47
Q

those who resist rationality

A

Skeptics

48
Q

the belief that truth is constructed but that some beliefs are more valid than others

A

Post-Skeptical Rationalism

49
Q

the largest part of the human brain

A

Cerebrum

50
Q

the cerebral lobe that is the center for solving problems involving spatial relationships

A

Parietal Lobe

51
Q

the cerebral lobe that is the center for higher-order thought processes, such as planning and impulse control

A

Frontal Lobe

52
Q

the cerebral lobe that is the center for producing and understanding language

A

Temporal Lobe

53
Q

the part of the brain involved with learning, memory, and motivation

A

Hippocampus

54
Q

the part of the brain that creates primitive emotional responses to the environment

A

Amygdala

55
Q

an approach to cognitive development that focuses on the measurement of knowledge and thinking ability

A

Psychometric Approach

56
Q

calculated by dividing the mental age (MA) by the chronological age (CA) and multiplying by 100

A

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

57
Q

tests designed to assess mastery of specific subject matter or skills

A

Achievement Tests

58
Q

the ability to identify plants and animals

A

Naturalistic Intelligence

Adolescent Psych (13 decks)

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