Chapter 6 Self Concept, Identity, Ethnicity, and Gender Flashcards
a person’s conscious, cognitive perception and evaluation of himself or herself; one’s thoughts and opinions about oneself
Self-Concept
a person’s personality or nature of which that person is aware
Self
a person’s impression or opinion of himself or herself
Self-Esteem
the self-identity that is developing in time
Proprium
the kind of person an individual would like to be
Ideal Self
the different selves we envision ourselves becoming
Possible Selves
the people we hope to be in the future
Hoped-For Selves
the people we think we will likely be in the future
Expected Selves
the people we are afraid of becoming in the future
Feared Selves
an explanation for delinquency based on the need for troubled youths to enhance their self-esteem
Self-Enhancement Thesis
the stress individuals experience when they are faced competing demands and expectations
Role Strain
the trait of being excessively vain and self-absorbed
Narcissism
according to Marcia, those adolescents who have not experienced a crisis and explored meaningful alternatives or made any commitments in finding an acceptable identity
Identity Diffused
according to Marcia, establishing an identity without search or exploration, usually according to what has been handed down by parents
Foreclosure
an identity based on rejecting parental and societal values
Negative Identity
according to Marcia, a period of time in the life of adolescents who are involved in a continual crisis, who continue to search for an identity, and who have not made any commitments
Moratorium
according to Marcia, those adolescents who have undergone a crisis in their search for an identity and who have made a commitment
Identity Achieved
a construct that describes the process of developing identity
Identity Control System
one’s beliefs about how one should behave
Identity Standards
the component of the identity control system that compares one’s self-concept with one’s identity standards
Comparator
the state in which one finds the commonalities between one’s ethnic and mainstream identities
Blended Biculturalism
the state in which one vacillates between following one’s ethnic beliefs and those of the societal manistream
Alternating Biculturalism
the state in which one has merged one’s ethnic traditions and those of the cultural mainstream into a new whole
Fusion
one’s biological endowment as a male or female
Sex
the psychological/sociological construct of what it means to me a man or a woman
Gender
a revised cognitive-developmental approach to gender that emphasizes the effects of labeling, attention, and interest in developing gender beliefs
Gender Schema Theory
the behaviors that are supposedly characteristic of men and women
Gender Roles
having the personality and behavioral characteristics of a male according to culturally defined standards of maleness
Masculinity
having the personality and behavior characteristics of a female according to culturally defined standards of femaleness
Feminine
the process by which an individual ascribes to himself or herself the characteristics of another person
Identification
a blending of male and female characteristics and roles
Androgyny
the proposal that adolescents feel more pressure than children to behave in gender-stereotypical ways
Gender Intensification Hypothesis
