Chapter 6 Self Concept, Identity, Ethnicity, and Gender

Question 0

a person’s conscious, cognitive perception and evaluation of himself or herself; one’s thoughts and opinions about oneself

Answer 0

Self-Concept

Question 1

a person’s personality or nature of which that person is aware

Answer 1

Self

Question 2

a person’s impression or opinion of himself or herself

Answer 2

Self-Esteem

Question 3

the self-identity that is developing in time

Answer 3

Proprium

Question 4

the kind of person an individual would like to be

Answer 4

Ideal Self

Question 5

the different selves we envision ourselves becoming

Answer 5

Possible Selves

Question 6

the people we hope to be in the future

Answer 6

Hoped-For Selves

Question 7

the people we think we will likely be in the future

Answer 7

Expected Selves

Question 8

the people we are afraid of becoming in the future

Answer 8

Feared Selves

Question 9

an explanation for delinquency based on the need for troubled youths to enhance their self-esteem

Answer 9

Self-Enhancement Thesis

Question 10

the stress individuals experience when they are faced competing demands and expectations

Answer 10

Role Strain

Question 11

the trait of being excessively vain and self-absorbed

Answer 11

Narcissism

Question 12

according to Marcia, those adolescents who have not experienced a crisis and explored meaningful alternatives or made any commitments in finding an acceptable identity

Answer 12

Identity Diffused

Question 13

according to Marcia, establishing an identity without search or exploration, usually according to what has been handed down by parents

Answer 13

Foreclosure

Question 14

an identity based on rejecting parental and societal values

Answer 14

Negative Identity

Question 15

according to Marcia, a period of time in the life of adolescents who are involved in a continual crisis, who continue to search for an identity, and who have not made any commitments

Answer 15

Moratorium

Question 16

according to Marcia, those adolescents who have undergone a crisis in their search for an identity and who have made a commitment

Answer 16

Identity Achieved

Question 17

a construct that describes the process of developing identity

Answer 17

Identity Control System

Question 18

one’s beliefs about how one should behave

Answer 18

Identity Standards

Question 19

the component of the identity control system that compares one’s self-concept with one’s identity standards

Answer 19

Comparator

Question 20

the state in which one finds the commonalities between one’s ethnic and mainstream identities

Answer 20

Blended Biculturalism

Question 21

the state in which one vacillates between following one’s ethnic beliefs and those of the societal manistream

Answer 21

Alternating Biculturalism

Question 22

the state in which one has merged one’s ethnic traditions and those of the cultural mainstream into a new whole

Answer 22

Fusion

Question 23

one’s biological endowment as a male or female

Answer 23

Sex

Question 24

the psychological/sociological construct of what it means to me a man or a woman

Answer 24

Gender

Question 25

a revised cognitive-developmental approach to gender that emphasizes the effects of labeling, attention, and interest in developing gender beliefs

Answer 25

Gender Schema Theory

Question 26

the behaviors that are supposedly characteristic of men and women

Answer 26

Gender Roles

Question 27

having the personality and behavioral characteristics of a male according to culturally defined standards of maleness

Answer 27

Masculinity

Question 28

having the personality and behavior characteristics of a female according to culturally defined standards of femaleness

Answer 28

Feminine

Question 29

the process by which an individual ascribes to himself or herself the characteristics of another person

Answer 29

Identification

Question 30

a blending of male and female characteristics and roles

Answer 30

Androgyny

Question 31

the proposal that adolescents feel more pressure than children to behave in gender-stereotypical ways

Answer 31

Gender Intensification Hypothesis