Chapter 4 Body Issues: Physical Growth and Health-Related Behaviors Flashcards
biochemical substances secreted into the blood stream by the endocrine glands that act as an internal communication system that tells different cells what to do
Hormones
structures in the body that produce hormones
Endocrine Glands
a small area of the brain that controls motivation, emotion, pleasure, and pain in the body; that is, it control eating, drinking, hormonal production, menstruation, pregnancy, lactation, and sexual response and behavior
Hypothalamus
a hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that controls the production and release of FSH and LH from the pituitary
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
master gland of the body located at the base of the brain
Pituitary Gland
hormones that are secreted by the pituitary and that influence the gonads, or sex glands
Gonadotropic Hormones
a pituitary hormone that stimulates the maturation of the follicles and ova in the ovaries and pf sperm in the testes
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
a pituitary hormone that stimulates the development of the ovum and estrogen and progesterone in females and of sperm and testosterone in males
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
a pituitary hormone that regulates body growth
Human Growth Hormone (HGH)
the sex glands; testes and ovaries
Gonads
female gonads, or sex glands, that secrete estrogen and progesterone and produce mature egg cells
Ovaries
feminizing hormones produced by the ovaries and, to some extent, by the adrenal gland
Estrogen
a female sex hormone produced by the corpus luteum of the ovaries
Progesterone
a yellow body that grows from the ruptured follicle of the ovary and becomes an endocrine gland that secretes progesterone
Corpus Luteum
the male gonads that produce sperm and male sex hormones
Testes
a class of masculinizing sex hormones produces by the testes and, to a lesser extent, by the adrenals
Androgens
a masculinizing sex hormone produced by the testes and, to a lesser extent, by the adrenals
Testosterone
ductless glands, located just above the kidneys, that secrete androgens and estrogens in both men and women, in addition to the glands’ secretion of adrenaline
Adrenal Glands
the process by which sperm is produced
Spermatogenesis
a hormone produced in the testes to regulate FSH secretion and sperm production
Inhibin
cells in the testes that produce the hormone inhibin
Sertoli Cells
the pouch of skin containing the testes
Scrotum
a system of ducts, running from the testes to the vas deferens, in which sperm mature and are stored
Epididymis
the tubes running from the epididymis to the urethra that carry semen and sperm to the ejaculatory duct
Vas Deferens
twin glands that secrete fluid into the vas deferens to enhance sperm viability
Seminal Vesicles
gland that secretes a portion of the seminal fluid
Prostate Gland