Chapter 4 Body Issues: Physical Growth and Health-Related Behaviors

Question 0

biochemical substances secreted into the blood stream by the endocrine glands that act as an internal communication system that tells different cells what to do

Answer 0

Hormones

Question 1

structures in the body that produce hormones

Answer 1

Endocrine Glands

Question 2

a small area of the brain that controls motivation, emotion, pleasure, and pain in the body; that is, it control eating, drinking, hormonal production, menstruation, pregnancy, lactation, and sexual response and behavior

Answer 2

Hypothalamus

Question 3

a hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that controls the production and release of FSH and LH from the pituitary

Answer 3

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

Question 4

master gland of the body located at the base of the brain

Answer 4

Pituitary Gland

Question 5

hormones that are secreted by the pituitary and that influence the gonads, or sex glands

Answer 5

Gonadotropic Hormones

Question 6

a pituitary hormone that stimulates the maturation of the follicles and ova in the ovaries and pf sperm in the testes

Answer 6

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Question 7

a pituitary hormone that stimulates the development of the ovum and estrogen and progesterone in females and of sperm and testosterone in males

Answer 7

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Question 8

a pituitary hormone that regulates body growth

Answer 8

Human Growth Hormone (HGH)

Question 9

the sex glands; testes and ovaries

Answer 9

Gonads

Question 10

female gonads, or sex glands, that secrete estrogen and progesterone and produce mature egg cells

Answer 10

Ovaries

Question 11

feminizing hormones produced by the ovaries and, to some extent, by the adrenal gland

Answer 11

Estrogen

Question 12

a female sex hormone produced by the corpus luteum of the ovaries

Answer 12

Progesterone

Question 13

a yellow body that grows from the ruptured follicle of the ovary and becomes an endocrine gland that secretes progesterone

Answer 13

Corpus Luteum

Question 14

the male gonads that produce sperm and male sex hormones

Answer 14

Testes

Question 15

a class of masculinizing sex hormones produces by the testes and, to a lesser extent, by the adrenals

Answer 15

Androgens

Question 16

a masculinizing sex hormone produced by the testes and, to a lesser extent, by the adrenals

Answer 16

Testosterone

Question 17

ductless glands, located just above the kidneys, that secrete androgens and estrogens in both men and women, in addition to the glands’ secretion of adrenaline

Answer 17

Adrenal Glands

Question 18

the process by which sperm is produced

Answer 18

Spermatogenesis

Question 19

a hormone produced in the testes to regulate FSH secretion and sperm production

Answer 19

Inhibin

Question 20

cells in the testes that produce the hormone inhibin

Answer 20

Sertoli Cells

Question 21

the pouch of skin containing the testes

Answer 21

Scrotum

Question 22

a system of ducts, running from the testes to the vas deferens, in which sperm mature and are stored

Answer 22

Epididymis

Question 23

the tubes running from the epididymis to the urethra that carry semen and sperm to the ejaculatory duct

Answer 23

Vas Deferens

Question 24

twin glands that secrete fluid into the vas deferens to enhance sperm viability

Answer 24

Seminal Vesicles

Question 25

gland that secretes a portion of the seminal fluid

Answer 25

Prostate Gland

Question 26

the tube carrying urine from the bladder to the outside; in males, it also carries the semen to the outside

Answer 26

Urethra

Question 27

the male organ for coitus and urination

Answer 27

Penis

Question 28

the masculinizing hormone testosterone taken by athletes to build muscle mass

Answer 28

Anabolic Steroids

Question 29

small twin glands that secrete a fluid to neutralize the acid environment of the urethra

Answer 29

Cowper's Glands

Question 30

male ejaculation during sleep

Answer 30

Night Emissions

Question 31

a recently coined term for a boy's first ejaculation; derived from the word menarche

Answer 31

Semenarche

Question 32

collective term referring to the external genitalia of the female

Answer 32

Vulva

Question 33

the opening cleft region enclosed by the labia minora

Answer 33

Vestibule

Question 34

the tissue partly covering the vaginal opening

Answer 34

Hymen

Question 35

glands on either side of the vaginal opening that secrete fluid during sexual arousal

Answer 35

Bartholin's Glands

Question 36

the canal from the cervix to the vulva that receives the penis during intercourse and acts as the birth canal through whicvh the baby passes to the outside

Answer 36

Vagina

Question 37

major or large lips of tissue on either side of the vagina

Answer 37

Labia Majora

Question 38

smaller lips or tissue on either side of the vagina

Answer 38

Labia Minora

Question 39

a small shaft containing erectile tissue, located above the vaginal and urethral openings, that is highly responsive to sexual stimulation

Answer 39

Clitoris

Question 40

mound of flesh in the female located above the vagina, over which pubic hair grows

Answer 40

Mons Veneris | literally "mound of Venus"

Question 41

the womb in which the baby grows and develops

Answer 41

Uterus

Question 42

tubes that transport the ova from the ovaries to the uterus

Answer 42

Fallopian Tubes

Question 43

first menstruation

Answer 43

Menarche

Question 44

without ovulation

Answer 44

Anovulatory

Question 45

hormones that cause smooth muscle contractions and contribute to dysmenorrhea and menhorragia

Answer 45

Prostaglandins

Question 46

drugs that destroy prostaglandins and can reduce menstrual distress

Answer 46

Antiprostiglandins

Question 47

a condition in which the bones become brittle due to calcium loss

Answer 47

Osteoporosis

Question 48

features not directly related to reproduction that distinguish male from female bodies

Answer 48

Secondary Sexual Characteristics

Question 49

a hormone that helps trigger puberty

Answer 49

Leptin

Question 50

a phenomenon experienced by some young male adolescents in which their breasts temporarily swell as they enter puberty

Answer 50

Gynecomastia

Question 51

the trend to mature sexually at earlier ages

Answer 51

Secular Trend

Question 52

tall, slender body build

Answer 52

Ectomorph

Question 53

short, heavy body build

Answer 53

Endomorph

Question 54

medium, athletic body build

Answer 54

Mesomorph

Question 55

the probability of dying

Answer 55

Mortality

Question 56

overweight; excessively fat

Answer 56

Obesity

Question 57

the rate at which the body utilizes food and oxygen

Answer 57

Metabolic Rate

Question 58

the hormone the brain produces to induce sleep

Answer 58

Melatonin

Question 59

pimples on the skin caused by overactive sebaceous glands

Answer 59

Acne

Question 60

sweat glands located primarily in the armpits and groin whose secretions cause body odor

Answer 60

Apocrine Glands

Question 61

sweat gland distributed over the entire body

Answer 61

Merocrine Glands

Question 62

oil-producing skin glands whose secretions can cause acne in the glands' pores become blocked

Answer 62

Sebaceous Glands

Question 63

tender, raised red bumps that are precursors to pimples

Answer 63

Papules

Question 64

the medical term for pimples

Answer 64

Pustules

Question 65

large, deep pimples that can cause scarring

Answer 65

Cysts