Chapter 7- Middle Childhood Flashcards
BMI
a measure of the ratio of weight to height
myopia
nearsightedness
executive functioning
the ability to porblemsolve without getting distracted and adjusting strategy if necessary
overweight
BMI > 18
Obesity
BMI > 21
concrete operations stage
the cognitive stage in Piaget’s theory when children become capable of using mental operations
seriation
the ability to arrange things in a logical order
selective attention
focusing on relevant information and ignoring the rest
ADHD
inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness
working memory
the capacity to retain information for a short time
mnemonics
memory strategies; rehearsal, organization, and elaboration
organization
placing things in meaningful categories
elaboration
connecting bits of information together to make them easier to remember
metamemory
understanding how memory works
metalinguistic skills
greater awareness of the structure of language
phonics approach
teaching children to understand language by breaking down the sounds in a word
whole-language approach
teaching children to undersand language by using whole written passages
dyslexia
a condition thaat makes reading difficult; sounding out words & spelling words is difficult; misperceiving the order of letters in words
learning disabilites
cognitive disorders that impede the developments of learning a specific skill; reading and math
numeracy
understanding the meaning of numbers
dyscalculia
neurologicallyy based difficulty in numerical processing
experience sampling method (esm)
people reporting their behavior and thoughts when prompted by a beep from their wristwatch
ambivalence
experiencing conflicting emotions at once
self-concept
how we view and evaluate ourselves
social comparison
comparing self to others in social groups
self-esteem
someone’s personal sense of worth and wellbeing
selective association
people preferring to be around people like them
age-graded
grade levels based on age groups
social skills
being friendly, helpful, cooperative, and considerate
social information processing
evaluating other’s intentions, motivations, and behaviors
developmental cascade
when an early problems create later problems in the development
industry vs inferiority
Erikson; when children are capable of doing useful work and self projects unless the adults around them criticize them too much
