Chapter 5 Toddlerhood Flashcards

1
Q

Kwashiorkor

A

protein deficiency leads to lethargy, irritability, thinning hair, and water swelling in body (mostly belly)

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2
Q

Micronutrients

A

iron, zinc, vitamins: A, B12, C, & D

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3
Q

synaptic density

A

the number of synaptic connections among neurons

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4
Q

EEG

A

a machine that measures the electrical activity of the Cerebral Cortex

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5
Q

fMRI

A

uses a magnetic field to record changes in blood flow and oxygen use in the whole brain in response to stimulation

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6
Q

mental representations

A

when toddlers think about possible actions and choose the one most likely to workout in their favro

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7
Q

deffered imiatation

A

the ability to repeat action observed earlier

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8
Q

zone of proximal development

A

the distance between skills that children have mastered and the ones they can do if guided by someone more competent; adult or peer

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9
Q

private speech

A

children talking to themselve’s in self guiding way; external becomes internal

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10
Q

scaffolding

A

the degree of assistance given to kids in zone of proximal development

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11
Q

guided participation

A

inetaction between two people as they participate in a acultrually valued activity

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12
Q

infinite generativity

A

the ability to use words and combine them in hella ways

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13
Q

broca’s area

A

zone in the brain specialized for language production

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14
Q

wernicke’s area

A

zone in the brain specialized for language comprehension

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15
Q

language acquisition device

A

the device children are born with that lets them see and grasp grammatical rules in the language around them

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16
Q

holophrases

A

single words used by toddlers that represent different forms of sentences

17
Q

overextension

A

toddlers using one word to represent a variety of related objects; furry objects are dogs

18
Q

underextension

A

applying a general word to a specific object

19
Q

fast mapping

A

when toddlers learn the name of an object after being taught once

20
Q

telegraphic speech

A

two-word combinations

21
Q

overregularization

A

applying grammatical rules when there is usually an exception

22
Q

sociomoral emotions

A

secondary emotions toddlers learn from cultural rights and wrongs

23
Q

self recognition

A

being able to see themselves and understand themselves as individuals

24
Q

gender

A

the cultural categories of M and F

25
ethology
the study of animal behavior that provides biological basis of human gender differences
26
secure base
foundation for how children choose to explore their environments
27
goal corrected partnership
primary attachment figure and child use language to communicate about the child's needs and the primary attachment figure's responses
28
strange situation
a series of intros, separations, and reunions between child, mom, and stranger
29
polygyny
men with multiple wives
30
solitary play
playing alone
31
parallel play
doing the same things without acknowledging each other
32
simple social play
talking, smiling, sharing toys
33
cooperative pretend play
executing shared fantasy
34
autism spectrum disorder
persistent deficits in social communication across contests, repetitive and restrictive behavior
35
displacement effect
the fact that time spent watching TV is time not spent reading or playing with other children