Chapter 6 Early Childhood Flashcards
corpus callosum
the band of neural fibers connecting the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex
cerebellum
a structure at the base of the brain involved in balance and motor movements
reticular formation
part of the brain involved in attention
infantile amnesia
the loss of memories before 4-5 years old
semantic memory
the memory of unique events
autobiographical memory
type of episodic memory; the recollection of specific personal experiences
amnesia
iron deficiency
preoperational stage
the stage before kids develop logic; 2-7 years old
conservation
the principle that the amount of a physical substance is the same even if its appearance changes
reversibility
the ability to mentally reverse an action
centration
thinking focused on one noticeable aspect of a cognitive problem to the exclusion of others
egocentrism
the inability to distinguish between your perspective and someone else’s
animism
attributing human thoughts and feelings to objects and forces
classification
understanding that objects can be part of more than one group at the same time
theory of mind
the ability to attribute mental states to self and others and to understand that others have their own beliefs, intentions, and perspectives
early intervention program
program directed at young children who are at risk for later school problems; low income
sensitive period
a period when the capacity for learning in a specific area is especially profound
pragmatics
the social rules for using language with others
emotional self regulation
controlling own emotions
undercontrol
not controlling emotions enough
externalizing problems
agression and conflict with otuhers
overcontrol
excessive emotional sefl regulation
internalizing problems
internal emotional issues
initiative vs guilt
the stage of erikson’s psychosocial theory that says that children need to have balanced emotional control to prevent excess guilt and promote initiating activities
socialization
the provess of children learning behaviors and beliefs based on the culture they live in
modeling
children basing their behavior off what they’ve observed from others
gender identity
understanding oneself as male or female
gender constancy
the belief that femaleness and maleness are biological and unchanging
gender roles
cultural expectations for appearance and behavior based on sex
gender schemas
a way of understanding the world through a lens of gender socialization
self-socializing
seeking to maintain consistency between schemas and own behavior
peers
people that share an aspect of their status
instrumental aggression
using aggression to get what you want
hostile aggression
exhibiting anger and intending to inflict pain/harm on others
relational aggression
damaging someone’s reputation through social exclusion or gossip
