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PSY 341- Developmental > Chapter 1- A Cultural Approach to Human Development > Flashcards

Chapter 1- A Cultural Approach to Human Development Flashcards

1
Q

human development

A

the way people grow and change over the lifespan

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2
Q

culture

A

the pattern of a group’s customs, beliefs, art, and tech

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3
Q

total fertility rate

A

births per woman

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4
Q

developed countries

A

countries with most cash

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5
Q

developed countries list

A

north america, jp, sk, aus, nz, chile, most of europe

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6
Q

developing countries

A

countries with less cash that are experiencing fast economic growth

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7
Q

individualism

A

values centered around independence and self-expression

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8
Q

collectivism

A

values centered around obedience and group haromony

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9
Q

traditional cultures

A

groups in rural areas of developing countries that follow traditions

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10
Q

globalization

A

increased connections throughout the world in trade, migration, and communication

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11
Q

majority culture

A

group with most power that sets norms and standards

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12
Q

types of power

A

political, economic, social

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13
Q

contexts

A

settings and circumstances that influence pathways of human development

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14
Q

minority culture

A

groups defined by ethnicity, religion, and language

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15
Q

ses class

A

education level, income level, and occupation level

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16
Q

ethnicity

A

group of people based on cultural origin and traditions, race, religion, and language

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17
Q

ecological niche

A

a set of environmental conditions in a specific place and time

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18
Q

ontogenetic development

A

individual development

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19
Q

phylogenetic development

A

human species development

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20
Q

natural selection

A

offspring best adapted to their environment survive and pass the torch

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21
Q

hominin

A

line that led to humans

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22
Q

homosapiens

A

humans characterized by larger brains, wider pelvises, longer periods of childhood dependency, development of tools, and controlling fire

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23
Q

hunter-gatherer

A

lifestyle where females cared for kids and gathered berries while males hunted or scavenged

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24
Q

upper paleolithic period

A

50,000 - 10,000 years ago that had the first appearance of art, trade, and cultural differences

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25
Q

neolithic period

A

10,000 - 5,000 years ago characterized by agricultural advancements and the extinction of earlier animals

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26
Q

civilization

A

around 5,000 years ago characterized by cities, writing, specialization, centralized state, and different classes

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27
Q

evolutionary psychology

A

the study of how current behavior and cognitive patterns are a result of adaptations over time

28
Q

darwin

A

natural selection

29
Q

hall

A

ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny

30
Q

ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny

A

development of the individual reflects development of the species

31
Q

gesell

A

supporter of nature in nature vs nurture argument; maturational development

32
Q

maturational development

A

kids do what they want when they’re ready

33
Q

psychosexual theory

A

sexual desire drives human development based on 5 stages

34
Q

psychosocial theory

A

the need to be integrated into social and cultural environment drives human development

35
Q

ecological theory

A

five interconnected systems in a social environment drive human development

36
Q

cultural-developmental model

A

a model for understanding human development in a cultural context that is guided by 3 principles

37
Q

id

A

impulsive pleasure-seeking

38
Q

ego

A

reality principle compromise

39
Q

superego

A

develops conscious that controls guilt induction

40
Q

mesosystem

A

a network of interconnections between microsystems

41
Q

microsystem

A

immediate environment

42
Q

macrosystem

A

cultural beliefs and values that government is based on

43
Q

exosystem

A

doesn’t experience directly but it affects the individual

44
Q

chronosystem

A

changes in developmental circumstances over time based on individual development or historical context

45
Q

emerging adulthood

A

in developed countries, this group continues education into late twenties and has delayed responsibilities

46
Q

research measurement

A

the approach to collecting data

47
Q

research design

A

the plan for when, where, and with whom to collect the data

48
Q

peer-reviewed

A

peers check the study for accuracy and credibility as well as its importance to the field

49
Q

theory

A

an original framework of connected ideas that implies further research

50
Q

closed questions

A

answers provided in a questionnaire

51
Q

open-ended

A

fill in the blank questions

52
Q

qualitative

A

non-numerical; words, videos, pics

53
Q

quantitative

A

numerical data

54
Q

biological measurements

A

data on genes, hormones and brain functioning

55
Q

reliability

A

consistency

56
Q

validity

A

honesty

57
Q

ecological validity

A

the extent to which there is a fit between the measurement approach and the everyday life of the people being studied

58
Q

experimental design

A

comparing an experimental group to a control group

59
Q

interventions

A

programs to change the attitudes or behaviors of participants

60
Q

natural experiment

A

a situation that the researcher can’t control but can be observed

61
Q

ethnographic research

A

researchers spending a lot of time with participants to study them

62
Q

correlational design

A

data collected on variable of interest with no manipulation

63
Q

correlation

A

a statistical relationship between variables

64
Q

longitudinal

A

the same participants studied over time

65
Q

cohort effect

A

explanation for age gaps; differences between age groups due to different times of birth

66
Q

time measurement effect

A

differences with age that are due to the time in history when the measurement was taken

67
Q

sequential studies

A

two or more longitudinal studies with two or more birth cohorts

PSY 341- Developmental (8 decks)

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