Chapter 7-Learning Flashcards
Associative learning?
A change as a result of experience where two or more stimuli become linked
Non-associative learning?
Learning that doesn’t involve forming associations between stimuli; learning occurs following repeated exposure to a single stimulus or event
Habituation (non-associative learning)
Weakening of response to a stimulus after repeated presentation
Dishabituation (non-associative learning)
There is a recovery of attention to a novel stimulus following habitation
Sensitization(non-associative learning)
A strong stimulus results in an aggregated response to the subsequent presentation of weaker stimuli
Classical conditioning( associative learning)
A form of associative learning between two previously unrelated stimuli that results in a learned response
Pavlov’s Dog (classical conditioning)
Pavlov’s experiment for collecting and measuring salivation in dogs-the hungry dog is placed in a harness and given a bowl of meat powder. A tube from the salivary gland collects the saliva, which is measured and recorded
Unconditioned stimulus (classical conditioning)
A stimulus that on its own elicits a response (food)
Unconditioned response( classical conditioning)
A physical response elicited by an unconditioned stimulus’ it doesn’t need to be learned( salivation)
Conditioned stimulus (classical conditioning)
A neutral stimulus that eventually elicits the same response as an unconditioned stimulus with which it has been paired (bell)
Conditioned response( classical conditioning)
A physical response elicited by a conditioned stimulus’ it is acquired via experience and is usually the same as the unconditioned response(salivation)
Acquisition (classical Conditioning)
The initial learning of the stimulus response relationship.
-More pairing between CS and US
-Rapid acquisition followed by the strongest response is a half minute delay between Cs and US
Extinction (CC)
Reduction of a conditional response after repeated presentations of the conditioned stimulus alone
Spontaneous recovery(CC)
Re-emergence of a conditioned response some time after extinction has occurred
Stimulus generalization (CC)
What occurs when stimuli similar to the original conditioned stimulus trigger the same conditioned response
Stimulus discrimination (CC)
What occurs when an organism learns to eat a specific behaviour in the presence of a conditioned stimulus, but not in the presence of stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus
Higher-order conditioning( CC)
What occurs when a previously conditioned stimulus functions as if it were an unconditioned stimulus for further conditioning.
Classical conditioning and fear
John Watson, Rosalie Rayner and Little Albert
Phobia
Persistent, irrational or obsessive fear of a specific or situation that may arise as a result of fear condition
Systematic desensitization
A process used to condition the extinction of phobias via a gradual exposure to the feared object/situation
Conditioned taste aversion
A form of classical conditioning where a previously neutral stimulus( odour or taste) elicits an aversion reaction after it is paired with illness(nausea)