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Psychology 1105 > Chapter 14- Stress, Coping And Health > Flashcards

Chapter 14- Stress, Coping And Health Flashcards

1
Q

What is stress?

A

Response to a situation that threatens, or appears to threaten, one’s sense of well-being

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2
Q

What is stressor?

A

Something that triggers a stress response

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3
Q

What is acute stressor?

A

Short-term finite stressful situation (eg. Studying for finals, competing in a football game)

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4
Q

What is chronic stressor?

A

Long-term stressor with no definitive end (eg. Poverty, high pressure job)

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5
Q

appraisal and perception of a situation trigger?

A

Triggers the emotional state connected to stress

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6
Q

Feeling frustrated?

A

An emotion experienced when something prevents us from reaching a goal

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7
Q

Feeling pressure

A

An expectation or demand that one should act in a certain way

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8
Q

Feeling conflict

A

Discomfort due to two or more incompatible goals or impulses

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9
Q

Approach-approach conflict

A

Choose between two good job offers

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10
Q

Avoidance-avoidance conflict

A

choose between a bad job offer or a no job offer

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11
Q

Approach-avoidance conflict

A

Choose between a great job offer but have to relocate

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12
Q

Feeling endangered

A

Life-threatening situations produce stress

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13
Q

Daily hassles(micro stressors)

A

Small, everyday problems that accumulate to become a source of stress (eg. Bad or rude drivers, can’t find keys or cellphone)

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14
Q

Life changes

A

Altered circumstances requiring adjustment (eg. Marriage, death, illness, finals, breakups,…)

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15
Q

Social readjustment rating scale (SRRS)

A

Assigns life change units to various events that can happen in one’s life

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16
Q

Traumatic events

A

Unexpected disruptive events such as a natural disaster or victim of violence

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17
Q

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

An anxiety disorder caused by a major traumatic event, characterized by persistent, frightening thoughts or memories of the event, along with anxiety and depression

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18
Q

Chronic negative situations

A

Continued negative situation( eg. Living in a dangerous place, enduring illness, constant environment stressors, poverty.)

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19
Q

Socio-cultural conditions

A

Ethic minority groups who confront prejudice or discrimination or move to a new country

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20
Q

Stereotype threat

A

Suspicions, confusion and resulting vigilance experienced by minority groups members as they interact with majority group members

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21
Q

Fight or flight response

A

A series of physiological reactions in the sympathetic nervous system and endocrine system.
Mobilize an organism to either fight or flee an enemy

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22
Q

The steps of general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

A

1)Alarm (Body’s reaction to initial exposure to stressor—fight or flight)
2)Resistance (body’s attempt to stabilize if stressor continues, may result in vulnerability to disease )
3) Exhaustion (further exposure to stressor depletes energy and resistance

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23
Q

Emotional response to stress

A

Stress triggers emotions and changes mood. The greater the amount of stress, the more negative the emotions associated with stress

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24
Q

Appraisal in cognitive response

A

Ability to handle stressful situations.

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25
Primary appraisal
Appraisal of stressor (how big a stressor is it)
26
Secondary appraisal
Appraisal of resources and one’s ability to deal with stressor
27
Autonomic reactivity and stress
Differences in intensity of autonomic nervous system (ANS) reaction (eg. Individuals consistently displaced either high or low cardiovascular activity in response to stressor)
28
Explanatory style and stress
How we explain events (through optimistic or pessimistic styles)
29
Hardy or stress resistant personality
welcome challenges, take control, view stressors as growth opportunities
30
Type A in personality style and stress
Style resulting in continual stress Personality traits: competitive, impatient, angry, hostile
31
Type B in personality style and stress
Experience lower levels of stress Personality traits: more relaxed, less aggressive, less hostile
32
Type C in personality style and stress
Particularly vulnerable to stress Personality traits: Positive attitudes but unable to express or acknowledge negative feelings
33
Type D in personality style and stress
Distressed which impacts health Personality traits; worry, gloomy, socially inhibited
34
Social support and stress
More social support seems to correlate with less stress. May increase self-confidence in dealing with stressors. The presence of others reduces bodily arousal and negative emotions
35
What is coping
Efforts to manage, reduce, or tolerate stress
36
What is humour?
Laughter may improve health
37
What is meditation?
Promotes relaxation
38
What is lashing out?
Psychological or physical
39
Self-defence
Defensive, avoidant behaviours to protect oneself from stress
40
Self-indulgence
Alcohol, drugs, smoking overacting
41
Problem focused coping
Efforts aimed at a stressor
42
Emotion focused coping
Changing feelings about the stressor
43
Cognitive reappraisal
Finding a way to reinterpret negative aspects of a situation so they’re less upsetting
44
Stress and illness
Life stressors (SRRS) linked to physical illness
45
Interaction between psychological and biological factors
Coronary heart disease Psychological (e.g., Type A) and biological (e.g., obesity)
46
Psychoneuroimmunology
studies links between stress, the immune system, and health
47
Immune system
organs, tissues, and cells that identify and fight bodily invaders (e.g., viruses, bacteria, cancer cells)
48
Lymphocytes or white blood cells
white blood cells that are key in fighting bacterial and viral invaders
49
What is cortisol
Lowers immune system functioning
50
What is cytokines?
Chronic cortisol drives up cytokine levels (leads to long-term inflammation which contribute to heart disease, stroke and other illnesses
51
What is internal combat?
This scanning electron micrograph shows a cancer cel being attacked by natural killer T-cells
52
Personality traits
Improve immune system functioning and resilience in dealing with stress (Type C behaviour patterns approach to be more at risk for cancer)
53
Social support
Helps to shield us from the negative effects of stress
54
healthy communities Communities that share activities and remain close-knit often have lower illness rates than other communities
55
What is eustress?
Optimal stress level that promotes physical and psychological health
56
What is inoculation?
Dealing with small levels of stress to improve functioning in increasingly stressful situations
57
Symptoms of PTSD
-memories, dreams or nightmares about the event -avoid activities, thoughts, feelings or conversations -guilt, fear, helplessness -sleep problems -feel detached from others
58
who developed PTSD
Can occur at any age, even in childhood. Mostly to appear in women than men
59
Biological factors
Intense biochemical reactions that continue far beyond fight or flight -Increased cortisol and norepinephrine in those experiencing traumatic events -Exaggerated sympathetic nervous system responses and blunted HPA axis responses to stress -May have a smaller hippocampus or the biochemical arousal may eventually shrink the hippocampus
60
What is personality factors?
traits associated with decreased likelihood of developing PTSD (Optimism, constructive coping, more resilient)
61
What is childhood experience
may increase risk of developing PTSD (poverty, abuse, assault, family psychological disorders, experienced a catastrophe at a young age)
62
Social support in PTSD
social environment may influence whether PTSD develops (Inadequate social support intensifies stress and lowers immune system functioning)

Psychology 1105 (11 decks)

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