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Psychology 1105 > Chapter 14- Stress, Coping And Health > Flashcards

Chapter 14- Stress, Coping And Health Flashcards

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1
Q

What is stress?

A

Response to a situation that threatens, or appears to threaten, one’s sense of well-being

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2
Q

What is stressor?

A

Something that triggers a stress response

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3
Q

What is acute stressor?

A

Short-term finite stressful situation (eg. Studying for finals, competing in a football game)

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4
Q

What is chronic stressor?

A

Long-term stressor with no definitive end (eg. Poverty, high pressure job)

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5
Q

appraisal and perception of a situation trigger?

A

Triggers the emotional state connected to stress

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6
Q

Feeling frustrated?

A

An emotion experienced when something prevents us from reaching a goal

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7
Q

Feeling pressure

A

An expectation or demand that one should act in a certain way

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8
Q

Feeling conflict

A

Discomfort due to two or more incompatible goals or impulses

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9
Q

Approach-approach conflict

A

Choose between two good job offers

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10
Q

Avoidance-avoidance conflict

A

choose between a bad job offer or a no job offer

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11
Q

Approach-avoidance conflict

A

Choose between a great job offer but have to relocate

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12
Q

Feeling endangered

A

Life-threatening situations produce stress

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13
Q

Daily hassles(micro stressors)

A

Small, everyday problems that accumulate to become a source of stress (eg. Bad or rude drivers, can’t find keys or cellphone)

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14
Q

Life changes

A

Altered circumstances requiring adjustment (eg. Marriage, death, illness, finals, breakups,…)

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15
Q

Social readjustment rating scale (SRRS)

A

Assigns life change units to various events that can happen in one’s life

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16
Q

Traumatic events

A

Unexpected disruptive events such as a natural disaster or victim of violence

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17
Q

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

An anxiety disorder caused by a major traumatic event, characterized by persistent, frightening thoughts or memories of the event, along with anxiety and depression

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18
Q

Chronic negative situations

A

Continued negative situation( eg. Living in a dangerous place, enduring illness, constant environment stressors, poverty.)

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19
Q

Socio-cultural conditions

A

Ethic minority groups who confront prejudice or discrimination or move to a new country

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20
Q

Stereotype threat

A

Suspicions, confusion and resulting vigilance experienced by minority groups members as they interact with majority group members

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21
Q

Fight or flight response

A

A series of physiological reactions in the sympathetic nervous system and endocrine system.
Mobilize an organism to either fight or flee an enemy

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22
Q

The steps of general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

A

1)Alarm (Body’s reaction to initial exposure to stressor—fight or flight)
2)Resistance (body’s attempt to stabilize if stressor continues, may result in vulnerability to disease )
3) Exhaustion (further exposure to stressor depletes energy and resistance

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23
Q

Emotional response to stress

A

Stress triggers emotions and changes mood. The greater the amount of stress, the more negative the emotions associated with stress

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24
Q

Appraisal in cognitive response

A

Ability to handle stressful situations.

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25
Q

Primary appraisal

A

Appraisal of stressor (how big a stressor is it)

26
Q

Secondary appraisal

A

Appraisal of resources and one’s ability to deal with stressor

27
Q

Autonomic reactivity and stress

A

Differences in intensity of autonomic nervous system (ANS) reaction (eg. Individuals consistently displaced either high or low cardiovascular activity in response to stressor)

28
Q

Explanatory style and stress

A

How we explain events (through optimistic or pessimistic styles)

29
Q

Hardy or stress resistant personality

A

welcome challenges, take control, view stressors as growth opportunities

30
Q

Type A in personality style and stress

A

Style resulting in continual stress
Personality traits: competitive, impatient, angry, hostile

31
Q

Type B in personality style and stress

A

Experience lower levels of stress
Personality traits: more relaxed, less aggressive, less hostile

32
Q

Type C in personality style and stress

A

Particularly vulnerable to stress
Personality traits: Positive attitudes but unable to express or acknowledge negative feelings

33
Q

Type D in personality style and stress

A

Distressed which impacts health
Personality traits; worry, gloomy, socially inhibited

34
Q

Social support and stress

A

More social support seems to correlate with less stress. May increase self-confidence in dealing with stressors. The presence of others reduces bodily arousal and negative emotions

35
Q

What is coping

A

Efforts to manage, reduce, or tolerate stress

36
Q

What is humour?

A

Laughter may improve health

37
Q

What is meditation?

A

Promotes relaxation

38
Q

What is lashing out?

A

Psychological or physical

39
Q

Self-defence

A

Defensive, avoidant behaviours to protect oneself from stress

40
Q

Self-indulgence

A

Alcohol, drugs, smoking overacting

41
Q

Problem focused coping

A

Efforts aimed at a stressor

42
Q

Emotion focused coping

A

Changing feelings about the stressor

43
Q

Cognitive reappraisal

A

Finding a way to reinterpret negative aspects of a situation so they’re less upsetting

44
Q

Stress and illness

A

Life stressors (SRRS) linked to physical illness

45
Q

Interaction between psychological and biological factors

A

Coronary heart disease

Psychological (e.g., Type A) and biological (e.g., obesity)

46
Q

Psychoneuroimmunology

A

studies links between stress, the immune system, and health

47
Q

Immune system

A

organs, tissues, and cells that identify and fight bodily invaders (e.g., viruses, bacteria, cancer cells)

48
Q

Lymphocytes or white blood cells

A

white blood cells that are key in fighting bacterial and viral invaders

49
Q

What is cortisol

A

Lowers immune system functioning

50
Q

What is cytokines?

A

Chronic cortisol drives up cytokine levels (leads to long-term inflammation which contribute to heart disease, stroke and other illnesses

51
Q

What is internal combat?

A

This scanning electron micrograph shows a cancer cel being attacked by natural killer T-cells

52
Q

Personality traits

A

Improve immune system functioning and resilience in dealing with stress (Type C behaviour patterns approach to be more at risk for cancer)

53
Q

Social support

A

Helps to shield us from the negative effects of stress

54
Q

healthy communities Communities that share activities and remain close-knit often have lower illness rates than other communities

A
55
Q

What is eustress?

A

Optimal stress level that promotes physical and psychological health

56
Q

What is inoculation?

A

Dealing with small levels of stress to improve functioning in increasingly stressful situations

57
Q

Symptoms of PTSD

A

-memories, dreams or nightmares about the event
-avoid activities, thoughts, feelings or conversations
-guilt, fear, helplessness
-sleep problems
-feel detached from others

58
Q

who developed PTSD

A

Can occur at any age, even in childhood. Mostly to appear in women than men

59
Q

Biological factors

A

Intense biochemical reactions that continue far beyond fight or flight
-Increased cortisol and norepinephrine in those experiencing traumatic events
-Exaggerated sympathetic nervous system responses and blunted HPA axis responses to stress
-May have a smaller hippocampus or the biochemical arousal may eventually shrink the hippocampus

60
Q

What is personality factors?

A

traits associated with decreased likelihood of developing PTSD (Optimism, constructive coping, more resilient)

61
Q

What is childhood experience

A

may increase risk of developing PTSD (poverty, abuse, assault, family psychological disorders, experienced a catastrophe at a young age)

62
Q

Social support in PTSD

A

social environment may influence whether PTSD develops (Inadequate social support intensifies stress and lowers immune system functioning)

Psychology 1105 (11 decks)

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