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Foundations of Therapeutic Interventions > Chapter 7- Immunity > Flashcards

Chapter 7- Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Components of immune system

A

Lymphoid structure, immune cells or lymphocytes and macrophages, and tissues involving immune cell production and development

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2
Q

Elements of immune system

A

Antigens, genes passed from parents, MHC molecules, monocytes, macrophages, phagocytic, antibodies and immunoglobins, complement system, and chemical mediators

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3
Q

Antigens

A

Activate the immune system

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4
Q

MHC molecules

A

Detect changes in cell membranes due to viruses or cancer

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5
Q

Memory cells

A

Occur when a person has been exposed to the specific foreign antigen and must have developed specific immunity to it

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6
Q

Natural immunity

A

Species-specific

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7
Q

Innate immunity

A

Gene-specific

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8
Q

Primary response

A

Occurs when a person is first exposed to an antigen

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9
Q

Secondary response

A

Occurs when a repeat exposure to the same antigen occurs

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10
Q

Bone marrow

A

Cell-mediated immunity (T cells) and humoral or antibody mediated immunity (B cells)

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11
Q

Lymphocytes

A

T-cells (directly destroy invading antigens), B-cells (antibody production), and natural killer cells

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12
Q

IgG

A

Most common; activates complement

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13
Q

IgM

A

Bound to B lymphocytes in circulation; first to increase; ABO blood type reactions

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14
Q

IgA

A

Found in secretions; provides protection to newborn child

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15
Q

IgE

A

Bound to mast cells; present in inflammation; release of histamine

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16
Q

IgD

A

Attached to and activated B cells

17
Q

Natural active

A

Exposed to the pathogen; body creates immunity

18
Q

Artificial active

A

Vaccines

19
Q

Natural passive

A

Temporarily protective

20
Q

Artificial passive

A

Must be given (anti-serum) and provides a temporary immunity

21
Q

Bioterrorism

A

Using altered antigenic forms of common viruses or bacteria. Would have a widespread impact on populations because immunizations would not protect against them

22
Q

Allograft

A

Exchanged between same species

23
Q

Isograft

A

Exchanged between two genetically identical bodies

24
Q

Autograft

A

Tissue from same individual transferred from one part of the body to another

25
Q

Xenograft

A

Exchanged between two different species

26
Q

Rejection process

A

Involves type IV cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction and humoral response. The rejection process eventually destroys the organ so that transplanted organs need to be replaced

27
Q

Host-versus-graft disease

A

The recipient’s immune system rejects the graft

28
Q

Graft-versus-host disease

A

Graft T-cells attack host cells

29
Q

Immunosuppression techniques

A

Used to reduce the immune response and prevent rejection. Drugs must be taken on a continuous basis and patient must be monitored for rejection. Limit normal body defenses

30
Q

Type I hypersensitivity

A

IgE. Allergic reactions (mild to severe). Histamine release, mast cells, inflammation, swelling, itching, and anaphylaxis

31
Q

Type II hypersensitivity

A

IgG or IgM. Cytotoxic hypersensitivity. Cytolytic enzymes released; destroy cells. Blood transfusion reactions; causes destruction of blood cells called hemolysis. RH factor incompatibility

32
Q

Type III hypersensitivity

A

Antigen/antibody immune complex. Immune complex hypersensitivity. Inflammation and tissue destruction. Auto-immune disease

33
Q

Type IV hypersensitivity

A

T-lymphocytes. Cell-mediated or delayed hypersensitivity. Delayed response by sensitized T lymphocytes to antigens, resulting in release of lymphokines or other chemical mediators that cause an inflammatory response and destruction of the antigen

34
Q

Immunodeficiency

A

The body’s capacity to fight foreign substances results in a compromised or a lack of an immune response. Partial or total loss of function in one or more components of the immune system leading to increased risk of infection and cancer

35
Q

AIDS

A

Chronic infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus. Destroys the helper T lymphocytes. Normal immune response is lost resulting in increased susceptibility to secondary infections and cancer. Characterized by a prolonged latent period followed by a period of active infection

Foundations of Therapeutic Interventions (9 decks)

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