Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Foundations of Therapeutic Interventions > Chapter 1- Pathophysiology for the Health Professions > Flashcards

Chapter 1- Pathophysiology for the Health Professions Flashcards

1
Q

Pathophysiology

A

Studies some aspects of pathology, the cell and tissue changes associated with disease. Focuses on the loss or change in normal structure and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Disease

A

Deviation from normal structure or function of any part, organ, system, or from a state of wellness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment regardless of external changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Seven steps to health

A
  • Non-smoker; avoid 2nd hand smoke
  • Eat 5-10 servings of vegetables and fruits per day, eat foods that are high in fiber and low in fat, and if you drink alcohol, limit consumption to about 1-2 glasses per day
  • Physically active on a regular basis; maintain a healthy body weight
  • Sun protection
  • Cancer screening guidelines
  • Visit doctor and dentist regularly and for changes
  • Use health and safety instructions regarding using, storing, and disposing of hazardous materials
  • Normal values; aren’t absolute; may adjust for age, gender, genetics, environment, and activity level
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CDC

A

Collects data on all types of disease and gives evidence-based recommendations for prevention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Primary prevention

A

The goal is to protect healthy people from developing disease or experiencing injury initially. Includes regular exercise, seat belts, immunizations, drug/tobacco/alcohol educations, regular exams and screening tests for risk factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Secondary prevention

A

Occur after illness or serious risk factors are present. Goal is to stop or slow progress of disease in early stages. Includes taking daily ASA to prevent second heart attack, regular exams and screening for known risk factors, and modified work for injured workers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tertiary prevention

A

Helping those manage complicated, long-term health problems; diabetes, heart disease, CA, chronic musculoskeletal disease. Includes cardiac and stroke rehab, chronic pain management programs, and patient support groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Medical history components

A

Prior illness, allergies, hospitalizations, treatment, therapy, supplements, medications, herbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Medical history influencing factors

A

Age, ethnicity, culture, presence of chronic disease, community, environment, family, significant other (support)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diagnosis

A

Signs and symptoms, laboratory tests, radiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Etiology

A

Causative factors. Congenital, inherited, genetic, viruses, bacteria, immune, metabolic, degenerative, changes, malignancy, burns and other trauma, environmental, and nutritional deficiencies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Idiopathic

A

Cause of disease is unknown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Iatrogenic

A

Treatment, procedure, or an error may have caused the disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Predisposing factors

A

Tendencies that promote the deviation of the disease; age, gender, inherited factors, occupational exposure, certain dietary practices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Prophylaxis

A

Preserve health and prevent the spread of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Prevention

A

Linked to etiology and predisposing factors; vaccinations, dietary and lifestyle modifications, removal or harmful materials in environment, stop harmful activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pathogenesis

A

Development of the disease, sequence of events involved in tissue changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Onset

A

May be sudden or insidious (gradual progression with mild or vague signs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Acute disease

A

Short term illness that develops quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Chronic disease

A

Milder condition develops gradually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Subclinical state

A

Pathologic changes occur but there aren’t any symptoms yet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Latent “silent stage”

A

No clinical signs yet. Called incubation period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Prodromal period

A

Person becomes aware of changes in the body but signs are non-specific; fatigue, loss of appetite, headache. Lab tests are negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Manifestations of disease

A

Signs and symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Signs

A

Observable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Symptoms

A

Subjective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Lesion

A

Change in the tissue; microscopic such as cells or blister on skin

29
Q

Syndrome

A

Collections of signs and symptoms often affecting more than one organ

30
Q

Diagnostic tests

A

Lab tests that help diagnose the disease. Also help to monitor the disease

31
Q

Remission

A

When manifestations stop; either permanently or temporarily

32
Q

Exacerbation

A

Worsening in severity

33
Q

Precipitating factor

A

Triggers an acute episode

34
Q

Complications

A

New problems

35
Q

Therapy

A

Interventions to help promote recovery or slow progress of disease

36
Q

Sequelae

A

Potential unwanted outcomes of the primary condition

37
Q

Convalescence or rehabilitation

A

Period of recovery and return to normal healthy state. May last several weeks or months

38
Q

Prognosis

A

Likelihood for recovery or other outcomes

39
Q

Morbidity

A

Disease rates within a group

40
Q

Mortality

A

Deaths

41
Q

Autopsy or postmortem exam

A

Find cause of death. Done by pathologist

42
Q

Epidemiology

A

Science of tracking the pattern of the disease

43
Q

Epidemic

A

Higher than expected cases in a certain area

44
Q

Pandemic

A

Higher numbers around globe

45
Q

Communicable diseases

A

Spread from one person to another

46
Q

Notifiable/reportable disease

A

Reported by MD

47
Q

Normal tissue change

A

Tissue changes of breast and uterus in pregnancy; environmental changes in irritation

48
Q

Abnormal tissue change

A

Irreversible changes in a cell signal a change in DNA structure or function; so need to find the cause and monitor any abnormality

49
Q

Atrophy

A

Decrease size of cells

50
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase size of cells

51
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Increase number of cells resulting in enlarge tissue mass

52
Q

Metaplasia

A

One mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type

53
Q

Dysplasia

A

Tissue varies in size and shape, large nuclei frequently present, and rate of mitosis is increased

54
Q

Anaplasia

A

Cells are undifferentiated with variable nuclear and cell structures and numerous mitotic figures

55
Q

Neoplasia

A

New growth

56
Q

Benign

A

Usually less serious, don’t spread

57
Q

Malignant

A

Cancer has spread

58
Q

Apoptosis

A

Refers to programmed cell death (expected) or may increase in aging, cell injury, or excessive replication

59
Q

Necrosis

A

Not a preprogrammed event; occurs in the presence of irreversible damage to cells, tissue, or a portion of an organ

60
Q

Ischemia

A

Decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a tissue or organ due to circulatory obstruction

61
Q

Hypoxia

A

Reduced oxygen in the tissue. Quickly affects cells with a high demand for oxygen

62
Q

Anaerobic metabolism

A

Results from hypoxia. Causes the buildup of lactic acid. Metabolism without oxygen

63
Q

Severe oxygen deficit

A

Interferes with energy production in the cell, leading to loss of the sodium pump at the cell membrane, as well as other cell functions. May lead to buildup of sodium within cell (rupture)

64
Q

Liquefaction necrosis

A

Process by which dead cells liquefy under the influence of certain cell enzymes

65
Q

Coagulative necrosis

A

Occurs when the cell proteins are altered or denatured, and the cells retain some form for a time after death

66
Q

Fat necrosis

A

Occurs when fatty tissue is broken down into fatty acids in the presence of infection or certain enzymes. May increase inflammation

67
Q

Caseous necrosis

A

Thick, yellowish, “cheesy” substance forms

68
Q

Infarction

A

Applies to an area of dead cells resulting from lack of oxygen

69
Q

Gangrene

A

An area of necrotic tissue, usually associated with a lack or loss of blood supply that is followed by invasion of bacteria

Foundations of Therapeutic Interventions (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions