Chapter 10- Blood and Circulatory

Question 1

Blood

Answer 1

Transports O2 and nutrients to all tissues. Remove waste products of cellular metabolism. Help with body defenses/immune system. Maintain body homeostasis

Question 2

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 2

Provides exchange of O2 and CO2 in the lungs

Question 3

Systemic circulation

Answer 3

Provides for nutrient exchange and wastes between the blood and the cells throughout the body

Question 4

Arteries

Answer 4

Transport blood away from the heart into the lungs or to body tissues

Question 5

Arterioles

Answer 5

Smaller branches of the arteries that control the amount of blood flowing into the capillaries

Question 6

Capillaries

Answer 6

Very small vessels and forms microcirculation

Question 7

Three layers

Answer 7

Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventia

Question 8

Autoregulation

Answer 8

Controls localized vasodilation and vasoconstriction

Question 9

Components of blood

Answer 9

Water and solutes, cells, formed liquid elements, erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes, or platelets

Question 10

Hematocrit

Answer 10

Proportion of the cells shows the viscosity of the blood

Question 11

Plasma

Answer 11

Clear yellowish fluid remaining after cells have been removed

Question 12

Serum

Answer 12

Fluid and solutes remaining after the cells and fibrinogen have been removed from the plasma. Plasma proteins include albumin which maintains osmotic pressure in the blood, globulins or antibodies, and fibrinogen which is essential for formation of blood clots

Question 13

Hematopoiesis

Answer 13

Production of blood cells from red bone marrow

Question 14

Dyscrasia

Answer 14

Blood disorders involving cellular components of the blood

Question 15

Erythrocytes

Answer 15

RBC. Flexible discs and contain hemoglobin

Question 16

Erythropoietin

Answer 16

Hormone from the kidney that stimulates erythrocyte production in the red bone marrow in response to tissue hypoxia

Question 17

Hemoglobin

Answer 17

Becomes fully saturated with oxygen in normal lung function and respiration

Question 18

Oxyhemoglobin

Answer 18

Bright red color; arterial blood

Question 19

Depxyhemoglobin

Answer 19

Reduced hemoglobin; dark and bluish red in color; found in venous blood

Question 20

Bicarbonate ion

Answer 20

Form of carbon dioxide when it is transported in blood

Question 21

Hemostasis

Answer 21

Process to stop bleeding

Question 22

Platelets

Answer 22

Non-nuclear fragments of megakaryocytes

Question 23

First step of hemostasis

Answer 23

Vasoconstriction of vascular spasm. In small blood vessels decreases blood flow and may get platelet plug to form

Question 24

Second step of hemostasis

Answer 24

Thrombocytes stick to underlying tissue at injury site and if blood vessel is small can form a platelet plug in the vessel

Question 25

Third step of hemostasis

Answer 25

Requires larger vessels; clotting factors in inactive forms in circulating blood are activated

Question 26

Blood clotting

Answer 26

Damage tissue and platelets release factors that start a series of sections involving a series of reactions involving numerous clotting factors. Produces prothrombin activator. A fibrin mesh forms to trap cells, making up a solid clot or thrombus, and stopping the flow of blood. The clot gradually shrinks or retracts, pulling the edges of damaged tissue closer together and sealing the site. Circulating factors are mainly produced in the liver. Vitamin K, a fat-soluble vitamin, is required for most clotting factors. Applying pressure and cold to the area reduced blood flow. Also, thrombin topically helps

Question 27

Prothrombin or factor II

Answer 27

Converted to fibrin threads through the action of the thrombin

Question 28

Fibrinogen or factor I

Answer 28

Converted into fibrin threads through the action of thrombin

Question 29

Fibrinolysis

Answer 29

Breakdown of the fibrin in blood clots

Question 30

Heparin

Answer 30

Can be given by IV or subcutaneously. Does not dissolve clots, but keeps new ones from forming

Question 31

tPA and Streptokinase

Answer 31

Clot busters. Help with heart attacks and strokes

Question 32

Blood types

Answer 32

Determined by the presence of certain antigens on the cell membranes of that person’s erythrocytes

Question 33

Blood transfusion

Answer 33

Always carefully checked between donor and recipient

Question 34

Universal donors

Answer 34

Type O blood; lack A and B antigens

Question 35

Universal recipients

Answer 35

Type AB blood

Question 36

Transfusion reaction

Answer 36

Feeling of warmth in the vein, flushed face, headache fever, chills, pain in chest and abdomen, decreased BP and rapid pulse

Question 37

Rh factor

Answer 37

May cause blood incompatibility if the mother is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive

Question 38

CBC

Answer 38

Includes WBC, RBC, platelet count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit

Question 39

Hematocrit

Answer 39

Percentage of blood volume composed of RBC’s and indicates fluid and cell content

Question 40

Hemoglobin

Answer 40

The oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood

Question 41

Whole blood, packed RBC, packed platelets

Answer 41

Given for severe anemia or thrombocytopenia

Question 42

Plasma or colloidal volume-expanding solutions

Answer 42

Given without risk of reaction because lacks antigens or antibodies

Question 43

Artificial blood products

Answer 43

Compatible with all blood types but will not support immune function or clot

Question 44

Epoetin alfa

Answer 44

Form of erythropoietin. Can be given by injection to stimulate the production of RBC before certain procedures such as hip replacement

Question 45

Bone marrow or stem cell transplants

Answer 45

Treat some cancers, severe immune deficiency, or severe blood cell diseases

Question 46

Hemophilia

Answer 46

Lack of blood clotting capability

Question 47

NoVo seven

Answer 47

Used for hemophiliacs. Can also be used to treat combat trauma