Chapter 7: Genes and Inheritance

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

Each of the two copies of the gene

Question 2

Heredity

Answer 2

Passing of characteristics from parents to offspring through their genes

Question 3

Single Gene Traits

Answer 3

Traits that are determined by the instructions a person carries on one gene

Question 4

Cross

Answer 4

The process in which male pollen is used to fertilize eggs

Question 5

True Breeding

Answer 5

Always produce offspring with the same variant of the trait as the parents

Question 6

Dominant Trait

Answer 6

Will always be a dominant trait when present

Question 7

Recessive Trait

Answer 7

Will only appear if both traits are recessive

Question 8

Homozygous

Answer 8

When an individual inherits the same two alleles for this gene

Question 9

Heterozygous

Answer 9

When an individual inherits a different allele from each parent

Question 10

Mendel’s Law of Segregation

Answer 10

Of the two copies of each gene everyone carries, only one of the two alleles gets put into each gamete is so significant and important

Question 11

Phenotype

Answer 11

The outward appearance of an individual

Question 12

Genotype

Answer 12

This is the organisms genetic composition

Question 13

Punnett Square

Answer 13

Used to trace the possible outcomes of a cross between two individuals

Question 14

Test Cross

Answer 14

Crossing an individual exhibiting a dominant trait but whose genotype is unknown with an individual that is homozygous recessive

Question 15

Pedigree

Answer 15

Is a type of family tree that can help answer questions about the future

Question 16

Sex Linked Trait

Answer 16

Traits that are controlled by genes on the sex chromosomes

Question 17

Carrier

Answer 17

An individual that carries one allele for a recessive trait but does not exhibit the trait but their offspring might

Question 18

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 18

The phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes

Question 19

Codominance

Answer 19

The heterozygote displays characteristics of both homozygotes

Question 20

Multiple Allelism

Answer 20

A single gene has more than two alleles

Question 21

Antigens

Answer 21

Chemicals on the surface of some cells. They act as signposts that tell the immune system whether the cell belongs in the body

Question 22

Antibodies

Answer 22

Immune system molecules that attack cells with foreign antigens

Question 23

Additive Effects

Answer 23

Describes what happens when the effects of the alleles of multiple genes all contribute to the ultimate phenotype

Question 24

Pleiotropy

Answer 24

Some individual genes can influence multiple unrelated traits

Question 25

Di hybrid Cross

Answer 25

Mating between two doubly heterozygous individuals

Question 26

Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 26

All traits are inherited independently of each other