Chapter 3: Cells

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

The most basic unit of any organism. The smallest unit of life that can function independently and perform all necessary functions of life

Question 2

Cell Theory

Answer 2

All living things are made up of one or more cells and all cells arise from other pre existing cells

Question 3

Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 3

Has a central control structure called a nucleus which contains the cells DNA

Question 4

Prokaryotic Cell

Answer 4

Does not have a nucleus. It’s DNA resides in the cytoplasm

Question 5

4 Basic Structural Features of Prokaryotes

Answer 5

Plasma Membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA

Question 6

Plasma Membrane

Answer 6

Encompasses the cell.

Question 7

Cytoplasm

Answer 7

Refers to the cells content contained within the plasma membrane. Includes jelly like fluid and the cells genome

Question 8

Ribosomes

Answer 8

Are little granular bodies where proteins are made

Question 9

DNA

Answer 9

Each prokaryote has one or more circular loops or linear strands of DNA

Question 10

Cell Wall

Answer 10

Protects and gives shape to the cell

Question 11

Flagellum

Answer 11

Many prokaryotes have this whip like projection of the plasma membrane and moves the cell through the medium it lives in

Question 12

Pili

Answer 12

Hair like projections that help prokaryotes attach to surfaces and serve as tubes through which they exchange DNA

Question 13

Nucleus

Answer 13

A membrane enclosed structure that contains linear strands of DNA

Question 14

Organelles

Answer 14

Specialized structures that are enclosed separately within the cell

Question 15

Phospholipid Bilayer

Answer 15

Hydrophilic heads extend toward the intracellular and extra cellular fluid while the hydrophobic tails are directed away from these watery fluids

Question 16

Receptor Proteins

Answer 16

Are surface or transmembrane proteins that bind to chemicals in the cells external environment

Question 17

Recognition Proteins

Answer 17

Are surface or transmembrane proteins that give each cell a fingerprint that makes it possible for the body’s immune system to distinguish between cells

Question 18

Transport Proteins

Answer 18

Are transmembrane proteins that help polar or charged substances pass through the plasma membrane

Question 19

Membrane Enzymes

Answer 19

Are surface or transmembrane proteins that accelerate chemical reactions on the membranes surface

Question 20

How does Cholesterol help the plasma membrane?

Answer 20

Helps the membrane maintain its flexibility, preventing the membrane from becoming too fluid or floppy

Question 21

Passive Transport

Answer 21

Molecular movement without the input of energy

Question 22

Diffusion

Answer 22

Is passive transport where a particle moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 23

Simple Diffusion

Answer 23

Molecules pass directly through the plasma membrane without the assistance of another molecule

Question 24

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 24

Molecules move across the plasma membrane with the help of a channel or carrier molecule

Question 25

Osmosis

Answer 25

Diffusion of water across a membrane

Question 26

Active Transport

Answer 26

A transport that requires the use of energy

Question 27

Tight Junctions

Answer 27

Form continuous water tight seals around cells. Prevent fluid flow between cells

Question 28

Desmosomes

Answer 28

Hold cells together but are not water tight allowing fluid to pass around them

Question 29

Gap Junctions

Answer 29

Open channels between 2 cells allowing sugars and amino acids to pass through

Question 30

Nuclear Membrane

Answer 30

Surrounds the nucleus and separates it from other parts of the cytoplasm

Question 31

Chromatin

Answer 31

Thin fibers consisting of DNA with some proteins attached that keep the DNA from getting tangled

Question 32

Nucleolus

Answer 32

An area near the nucleus where ribosomes are assembled

Question 33

Cytoskeleton

Answer 33

Provides shape and support, controls intracellular traffic flow, and enables movement

Question 34

Mitochondria

Answer 34

All purpose energy converters that are present in nearly all plant cells, animal cells, and other eukaryotic cells

Question 35

Lysosomes

Answer 35

Are vesicles that dispose of garbage in the cell

Question 36

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 36

Primary function is to package proteins that will be shipped to other locations in the endomembrane system

Question 37

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 37

Primary function is the synthesis of lipids such as fatty acids, phospholipids, and steroids. Detoxifies molecules such as alcohol

Question 38

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 38

Processes molecules synthesized in the cell and packages those that are destined for use elsewhere in the body

Question 39

Plant Cell Wall

Answer 39

Provides the cell with structural strength, gives the cell increased water resistance, and provides some protection from insects

Question 40

Plasmodesmata

Answer 40

Connects cells to each other and enabling communication and transport between them

Question 41

Central Vacuole

Answer 41

Stores nutrients, retains waste products, accumulates poisonous materials, contains pigments, and provides physical support

Question 42

Chloroplast

Answer 42

Site of photosynthesis. The conversion of light energy to chemical energy

Question 43

Stroma

Answer 43

Contains some DNA and protein making machinery

Question 44

Thylakoids

Answer 44

Light is collected for photosynthesis on the membranes