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Biology 111 > Chapter 7 - Exam 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Glycolipids

Glycoproteins

A

carbohydrades covalently bonded to lipids, proteins respectively

Glycoproteins most common

On external side of plasma membrane, carbs vary among species, individuals, and even cell types in an individual.

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2
Q

What determines the asymetrical distribution of macromolecules?

A

ER and Golgi appartus

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3
Q

Cytosol

A

aqueous solution of cell

contains organelles

the distribution of macromolecules in this determine function of cell

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4
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

selectively permeable

regulates cells molecular traffic

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5
Q

Dynamic Equilibrium

A

goal of diffusion

concentration is equal on both sides, but molecules keep passing through (at a constant rate, no net change in concentration)

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6
Q

Tonicity

A

ability of a cell to gain or lose water

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7
Q

Isotonic solution

A

solution concentration inside cell=outside

no net water movement across membrane

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8
Q

Osmoregulation

A

control of water balance

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9
Q

Plant cells in solutions

A

Hypo - normal

Iso - flaccid

Hyper - plasmolysis (lethal)

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10
Q

RBC’s in solutions

A

Hypo - lysed (burts)

Iso - normal

Hyper - shriveled

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11
Q

Cause of Cystinuria (kidney disease)

A

malfunctions in specific transport systems

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12
Q

Electrogenic Pumps

A

transport protein, generates voltage across membrane

Sodium-Potassium Pump

(only in animal cells)

Phosphorylation involved (ATP->ADP + Pi)

  • Hydrogen-Proton Pump (only in plant cells)

Hydrogen ion concentration important

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13
Q

Membrane potential

A

voltage differece across a membrane

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14
Q

Voltage

A

created by differences in the distribution of positive and negative ions

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15
Q

Electrochemical gradient

A

drives diffusion of ions across membrane

chemical force (ions concentration gradient) and electrical force (effect of membrane potential on ions movement)

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16
Q

Cotransport

A

when an active transport of a solute indirectly drives the transport of another solute

(ex. plants use gradient of H+ generated by prtoon pumps to drive active transport of nutrients into the cell)

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17
Q

What is the end product of photosynthesis?

A

Glucose

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18
Q

What is sucrose made of and what is a function of it in plants?

A

Glucose and fructose

Helps transport in plants

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19
Q

Charge of cell

A

Inside is negative relative to the outside

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20
Q

In endocytosis, what causes a membrane to be able to bend and break off without losing function?

A

Membrane fluidity

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21
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Endocytosis

Cell engulfs particles in a vacuole which fuses with a lysosome to digest the particle

22
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Endocytosis

Molecules are taken up when the extracellular fluid is “gulped” into tiny vesicles (liquid substance), enzymes produced, completely digested, detoxification of any posion (including alchol)

23
Q

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

A

Endocytosis

binding of ligands to receptors trigger vesicle formation

24
Q

Ligand

A

any molecule that binds specifically to a recpeptor (Y structure) site of another molecule

25
Q

How are large molecules transported across a cell membrane?

A

Bulk transport (endo/exocytosis)

They travel in groups

26
Q

Bulk Transport

A

Endo/Exocytosis

Requires energy!

27
Q

carbohydrades covalently bonded to lipids, proteins respectively

Glycoproteins most common

On external side of plasma membrane, carbs vary among species, individuals, and even cell types in an individual.

A

Glycolipids

Glycoproteins

28
Q

ER and Golgi appartus

A

What determines the asymetrical distribution of macromolecules?

29
Q

aqueous solution of cell

contains organelles

the distribution of macromolecules in this determine function of cell

A

Cytosol

30
Q

selectively permeable

regulates cells molecular traffic

A

Plasma Membrane

31
Q

goal of diffusion

concentration is equal on both sides, but molecules keep passing through (at a constant rate, no net change in concentration)

A

Dynamic Equilibrium

32
Q

ability of a cell to gain or lose water

A

Tonicity

33
Q

solution concentration inside cell=outside

no net water movement across membrane

A

Isotonic solution

34
Q

control of water balance

A

Osmoregulation

35
Q

Hypo - normal

Iso - flaccid

Hyper - plasmolysis (lethal)

A

Plant cells in solutions

36
Q

Hypo - lysed (burts)

Iso - normal

Hyper - shriveled

A

RBC’s in solutions

37
Q

malfunctions in specific transport systems

A

Cause of Cystinuria (kidney disease)

38
Q

transport protein, generates voltage across membrane

Sodium-Potassium Pump

(only in animal cells)

Phosphorylation involved (ATP->ADP + Pi)

  • Hydrogen-Proton Pump (only in plant cells)

Hydrogen ion concentration important

A

Electrogenic Pumps

39
Q

voltage differece across a membrane

A

Membrane potential

40
Q

created by differences in the distribution of positive and negative ions

A

Voltage

41
Q

drives diffusion of ions across membrane

chemical force (ions concentration gradient) and electrical force (effect of membrane potential on ions movement)

A

Electrochemical gradient

42
Q

when an active transport of a solute indirectly drives the transport of another solute

(ex. plants use gradient of H+ generated by prtoon pumps to drive active transport of nutrients into the cell)

A

Cotransport

43
Q

Glucose

A

What is the end product of photosynthesis?

44
Q

Glucose and fructose

Helps transport in plants

A

What is sucrose made of and what is a function of it in plants?

45
Q

Inside is negative relative to the outside

A

Charge of cell

46
Q

Membrane fluidity

A

In endocytosis, what causes a membrane to be able to bend and break off without losing function?

47
Q

Endocytosis

Cell engulfs particles in a vacuole which fuses with a lysosome to digest the particle

A

Phagocytosis

48
Q

Endocytosis

Molecules are taken up when the extracellular fluid is “gulped” into tiny vesicles (liquid substance), enzymes produced, completely digested, detoxification of any posion (including alchol)

A

Pinocytosis

49
Q

Endocytosis

binding of ligands to receptors trigger vesicle formation

A

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

50
Q

any molecule that binds specifically to a recpeptor (Y structure) site of another molecule

A

Ligand

51
Q

Bulk transport (endo/exocytosis)

They travel in groups

A

How are large molecules transported across a cell membrane?

52
Q

Endo/Exocytosis

Requires energy!

A

Bulk Transport

Biology 111 (9 decks)

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