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Biology 111 > Chapter 7 - Exam 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Glycolipids

Glycoproteins

A

carbohydrades covalently bonded to lipids, proteins respectively

Glycoproteins most common

On external side of plasma membrane, carbs vary among species, individuals, and even cell types in an individual.

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2
Q

What determines the asymetrical distribution of macromolecules?

A

ER and Golgi appartus

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3
Q

Cytosol

A

aqueous solution of cell

contains organelles

the distribution of macromolecules in this determine function of cell

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4
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

selectively permeable

regulates cells molecular traffic

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5
Q

Dynamic Equilibrium

A

goal of diffusion

concentration is equal on both sides, but molecules keep passing through (at a constant rate, no net change in concentration)

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6
Q

Tonicity

A

ability of a cell to gain or lose water

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7
Q

Isotonic solution

A

solution concentration inside cell=outside

no net water movement across membrane

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8
Q

Osmoregulation

A

control of water balance

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9
Q

Plant cells in solutions

A

Hypo - normal

Iso - flaccid

Hyper - plasmolysis (lethal)

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10
Q

RBC’s in solutions

A

Hypo - lysed (burts)

Iso - normal

Hyper - shriveled

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11
Q

Cause of Cystinuria (kidney disease)

A

malfunctions in specific transport systems

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12
Q

Electrogenic Pumps

A

transport protein, generates voltage across membrane

Sodium-Potassium Pump

(only in animal cells)

Phosphorylation involved (ATP->ADP + Pi)

  • Hydrogen-Proton Pump (only in plant cells)

Hydrogen ion concentration important

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13
Q

Membrane potential

A

voltage differece across a membrane

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14
Q

Voltage

A

created by differences in the distribution of positive and negative ions

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15
Q

Electrochemical gradient

A

drives diffusion of ions across membrane

chemical force (ions concentration gradient) and electrical force (effect of membrane potential on ions movement)

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16
Q

Cotransport

A

when an active transport of a solute indirectly drives the transport of another solute

(ex. plants use gradient of H+ generated by prtoon pumps to drive active transport of nutrients into the cell)

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17
Q

What is the end product of photosynthesis?

A

Glucose

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18
Q

What is sucrose made of and what is a function of it in plants?

A

Glucose and fructose

Helps transport in plants

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19
Q

Charge of cell

A

Inside is negative relative to the outside

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20
Q

In endocytosis, what causes a membrane to be able to bend and break off without losing function?

A

Membrane fluidity

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21
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Endocytosis

Cell engulfs particles in a vacuole which fuses with a lysosome to digest the particle

22
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Endocytosis

Molecules are taken up when the extracellular fluid is “gulped” into tiny vesicles (liquid substance), enzymes produced, completely digested, detoxification of any posion (including alchol)

23
Q

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

A

Endocytosis

binding of ligands to receptors trigger vesicle formation

24
Q

Ligand

A

any molecule that binds specifically to a recpeptor (Y structure) site of another molecule

25
How are large molecules transported across a cell membrane?
Bulk transport (endo/exocytosis) They travel in groups
26
Bulk Transport
Endo/Exocytosis Requires energy!
27
carbohydrades covalently bonded to lipids, proteins respectively Glycoproteins most common On external side of plasma membrane, carbs vary among species, individuals, and even cell types in an individual.
Glycolipids Glycoproteins
28
ER and Golgi appartus
What determines the asymetrical distribution of macromolecules?
29
aqueous solution of cell contains organelles the distribution of macromolecules in this determine function of cell
Cytosol
30
selectively permeable regulates cells molecular traffic
Plasma Membrane
31
goal of diffusion concentration is equal on both sides, but molecules keep passing through (at a constant rate, no net change in concentration)
Dynamic Equilibrium
32
ability of a cell to gain or lose water
Tonicity
33
solution concentration inside cell=outside no net water movement across membrane
Isotonic solution
34
control of water balance
Osmoregulation
35
Hypo - normal Iso - flaccid Hyper - plasmolysis (lethal)
Plant cells in solutions
36
Hypo - lysed (burts) Iso - normal Hyper - shriveled
RBC's in solutions
37
malfunctions in specific transport systems
Cause of Cystinuria (kidney disease)
38
transport protein, generates voltage across membrane **Sodium-Potassium Pump** (only in animal cells) Phosphorylation involved (ATP-\>ADP + Pi) * **Hydrogen-Proton Pump (only in plant cells)** Hydrogen ion concentration important
Electrogenic Pumps
39
voltage differece across a membrane
Membrane potential
40
created by differences in the distribution of positive and negative ions
Voltage
41
drives diffusion of ions across membrane **chemical force** (ions concentration gradient) and electrical force (effect of membrane potential on ions movement)
Electrochemical gradient
42
when an active transport of a solute indirectly drives the transport of another solute (ex. plants use gradient of H+ generated by prtoon pumps to drive active transport of nutrients into the cell)
Cotransport
43
Glucose
What is the end product of photosynthesis?
44
Glucose and fructose Helps transport in plants
What is sucrose made of and what is a function of it in plants?
45
Inside is negative relative to the outside
Charge of cell
46
Membrane fluidity
In endocytosis, what causes a membrane to be able to bend and break off without losing function?
47
Endocytosis Cell engulfs particles in a vacuole which fuses with a lysosome to digest the particle
Phagocytosis
48
Endocytosis Molecules are taken up when the extracellular fluid is "gulped" into tiny vesicles (liquid substance), enzymes produced, completely digested, **detoxification** of any posion (including alchol)
Pinocytosis
49
Endocytosis binding of ligands to receptors trigger vesicle formation
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
50
any molecule that binds specifically to a recpeptor (Y structure) site of another molecule
Ligand
51
Bulk transport (endo/exocytosis) They travel in groups
How are large molecules transported across a cell membrane?
52
Endo/Exocytosis Requires energy!
Bulk Transport

Biology 111 (9 decks)

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