Chapter 7 - Exam 3 Flashcards
Glycolipids
Glycoproteins
carbohydrades covalently bonded to lipids, proteins respectively
Glycoproteins most common
On external side of plasma membrane, carbs vary among species, individuals, and even cell types in an individual.
What determines the asymetrical distribution of macromolecules?
ER and Golgi appartus
Cytosol
aqueous solution of cell
contains organelles
the distribution of macromolecules in this determine function of cell
Plasma Membrane
selectively permeable
regulates cells molecular traffic
Dynamic Equilibrium
goal of diffusion
concentration is equal on both sides, but molecules keep passing through (at a constant rate, no net change in concentration)
Tonicity
ability of a cell to gain or lose water
Isotonic solution
solution concentration inside cell=outside
no net water movement across membrane
Osmoregulation
control of water balance
Plant cells in solutions
Hypo - normal
Iso - flaccid
Hyper - plasmolysis (lethal)
RBC’s in solutions
Hypo - lysed (burts)
Iso - normal
Hyper - shriveled
Cause of Cystinuria (kidney disease)
malfunctions in specific transport systems
Electrogenic Pumps
transport protein, generates voltage across membrane
Sodium-Potassium Pump
(only in animal cells)
Phosphorylation involved (ATP->ADP + Pi)
- Hydrogen-Proton Pump (only in plant cells)
Hydrogen ion concentration important
Membrane potential
voltage differece across a membrane
Voltage
created by differences in the distribution of positive and negative ions
Electrochemical gradient
drives diffusion of ions across membrane
chemical force (ions concentration gradient) and electrical force (effect of membrane potential on ions movement)
Cotransport
when an active transport of a solute indirectly drives the transport of another solute
(ex. plants use gradient of H+ generated by prtoon pumps to drive active transport of nutrients into the cell)
What is the end product of photosynthesis?
Glucose
What is sucrose made of and what is a function of it in plants?
Glucose and fructose
Helps transport in plants
Charge of cell
Inside is negative relative to the outside
In endocytosis, what causes a membrane to be able to bend and break off without losing function?
Membrane fluidity