Chapter 7 (Dr. Jacobs) Flashcards
Leukoplakia
Leukoplakia
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Verrucous Cercinoma
(Type of Squamous Cell Carcinoma)
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Salivary Gland Tumors
Ameloblastoma
Ameloblastoma
Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor
Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst
Which choice represents a characteristic of malignant tumors?
a. Encapsulated
b. Ability to spread to distant sites
c. Benign
d. Cells resemble normal cells
b. Ability to spread to distant sites
Anaplastic means the tumor
a. is composed of cells that vary in size and shape.
b. has cells with darker nuclei than those of normal cells.
c. has cells that exhibit an increased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio.
d. does not resemble the tissue from which it was derived.
d. does not resemble the tissue from which it was derived.
A benign tumor of bone is called a(n)
a. osteoma.
b. osteogenic sarcoma.
c. chondroma.
d. carcinoma.
a. osteoma.
A papilloma is a _____ tumor derived from _____ epithelium.
a. benign; salivary gland
b. malignant; squamous
c. benign; squamous
d. malignant; odontogenic
c. benign; squamous
Where do most cases of papilloma occur?
a. Hard palate
b. Buccal mucosa
c. Soft palate or tongue
d. Retromolar area
c. Soft palate or tongue
Idiopathic leukoplakia
a. is a malignant lesion of the oral mucosa.
b. can be rubbed off with gauze squares.
c. is caused by direct irritation, as in tobacco pouch keratosis.
d. does not have a specific known cause.
d. does not have a specific known cause.
An intraoral mucosal lesion that shows a mixture of red and white areas is termed
a. erythroplakia.
b. speckled erythroplakia.
c. speckled leukoplakia.
d. leukoplakia.
c. speckled leukoplakia.
Which statement about erythroplakia is true?
a. Most cases of erythroplakia occur on the buccal mucosa and vestibule.
b. Erythroplakia is more common than leukoplakia.
c. When examined microscopically, 90% of cases of erythroplakia demonstrate epithelial dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma.
d. Erythroplakia is considered a less serious clinical finding than leukoplakia
c. When examined microscopically, 90% of cases of erythroplakia demonstrate epithelial dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma.
Which statement about epithelial dysplasia is true?
a. It is considered a malignant condition.
b. Unlike squamous cell carcinoma, cellular changes in epithelial dysplasia may revert to normal if the stimulus, such as tobacco smoking, is removed.
c. It presents clinically as an erythematous lesion and not a white lesion (leukoplakia).
d. Lesions often arise on the hard and soft palate.
b. Unlike squamous cell carcinoma, cellular changes in epithelial dysplasia may revert to normal if the stimulus, such as tobacco smoking, is removed.
Severe epithelial dysplasia involving the full thickness of the epithelium is termed
a. anaplasia.
b. squamous cell carcinoma.
c. carcinoma in situ.
d. metastasis.
c. carcinoma in situ.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral epithelium usually metastasizes first to which site?
a. Spleen
b. Lungs
c. Liver
d. Lymph nodes
d. Lymph nodes
“Keratin pearls” are a characteristic feature of
a. squamous cell carcinoma.
b. basal cell carcinoma.
c. pleomorphic adenoma.
d. monomorphic adenoma.
a. squamous cell carcinoma.
Squamous cell carcinomas on the vermilion border of the lips and skin of the face are
a. associated with lack of exposure to the sun and vitamin D deficiency.
b. more common in individuals with dark skin.
c. associated with a poorer prognosis than that for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa.
d. associated with color changes of the vermilion border from dark pink and uniform to mottled grayish pink.
d. associated with color changes of the vermilion border from dark pink and uniform to mottled grayish pink.
Which choice is not regarded as an initiating factor in the development of oral cancer?
a. Cigar, pipe, and cigarette smoking
b. Snuff dipping and tobacco chewing
c. Consumption of alcohol
d. Chronic irritation
d. Chronic irritation
According to the TNM staging system for oral squamous carcinoma, T2, N1, M0 would mean tumor _____ cm in diameter, _____ palpable nodes, and _____ metastasis.
a. less than 2; ipsilateral; no distant
b. 2 to 4; ipsilateral; no distant
c. 2 to 4; contralateral; no distant
d. 2 to 4; contralateral; distant
b. 2 to 4; ipsilateral; no distant
Verrucous carcinoma
a. has a better prognosis than other forms of squamous cell carcinomas.
b. appears clinically as a quick-growing exophytic tumor with a pebbly white surface.
c. is characterized by poorly differentiated epithelium with atypical cells.
d. shows invasion of tumor cells through the basement membrane.
a. has a better prognosis than other forms of squamous cell carcinomas.
Most cases of verrucous carcinoma occur in the _____ years old.
a. posterior lateral border of the tongue of women over 40
b. floor of the mouth of women over 70
c. vestibule and buccal mucosa of men over 55
d. bone of the mandible of men over 20
c. vestibule and buccal mucosa of men over 55
Basal cell carcinoma is a _____ tumor that _____ in the oral cavity.
a. benign; occurs
b. malignant; occurs
c. benign; does not occur
d. malignant; does not occur
d. malignant; does not occur
As a general rule, a patient should be referred to an oral and maxillofacial surgeon or dermatologist to have a biopsy performed on any non healing ulcer of the skin or lips that has been
present for more than
a. 24 hours.
b. 2 weeks.
c. 3 months.
d. 1 year.
b. 2 weeks.
ntraoral minor salivary gland tumors are most commonly located
a. on the labial and buccal mucosa.
b. at the junction of the hard and soft palate.
c. on the retromolar area.
d. on the floor of the mouth.
b. at the junction of the hard and soft palate.
A benign tumor of salivary gland origin is termed a(n)
a. leiomyoma.
b. lipoma.
c. adenoma.
d. papilloma.
c. adenoma.
Which is the most common salivary gland neoplasm?
a. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
b. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
c. Pleomorphic adenoma
d. Monomorphic adenoma
c. Pleomorphic adenoma
The most common intraoral location for the pleomorphic adenoma is the
a. parotid gland.
b. submandibular gland.
c. palate.
d. floor of the mouth.
c. palate.
The pleomorphic adenoma
a. is a malignant tumor.
b. appears clinically as a painful dome-shaped mass.
c. occurs most often in children.
d. appears as a slowly enlarging, nonulcerated, painless, dome-shaped mass.
d. appears as a slowly enlarging, nonulcerated, painless, dome-shaped mass.
The Warthin tumor
a. is a unique type of pleomorphic adenoma.
b. presents as a painless, soft mass, usually in the sublingual gland.
c. often develops bilaterally in adult women.
d. contains sheets of lymphocytes that surround the cystic structures.
d. contains sheets of lymphocytes that surround the cystic structures.
Which salivary gland tumor has a “Swiss cheese” appearance under the microscope?
a. Pleomorphic adenoma
b. Monomorphic adenoma
c. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
d. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
c. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
The adenoid cystic carcinoma is
a. a benign tumor of salivary gland origin.
b. well encapsulated and does not infiltrate surrounding tissue.
c. most commonly seen intraorally on the palate.
d. painless.
c. most commonly seen intraorally on the palate.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma is commonly seen in which demographic group?
a. Men
b. Women of childbearing age
c. Fifth and sixth decades of life
d. Children
c. Fifth and sixth decades of life
Which tumor is an unencapsulated, infiltrating tumor composed of a combination of mucous cells interspersed with squamous-like epithelial cells?
a. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
b. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
c. Monomorphic adenoma
d. Pleomorphic adenoma
b. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
A central mucoepidermoid carcinoma is derived from either salivary gland tissue trapped within bone or
a. a periapical abscess surrounding the apex of a nonvital tooth.
b. the transformed epithelial lining of a dentigerous cyst.
c. a lateral periodontal cyst.
d. an incisive canal cyst.
b. the transformed epithelial lining of a dentigerous cyst.
Which is the most common malignant salivary gland tumor found in children?
a. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
b. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
c. Monomorphic adenoma
d. Pleomorphic adenoma
b. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
The ameloblastoma
a. occurs exclusively in the mandible.
b. is a benign, encapsulated tumor.
c. is commonly known as a Pindborg tumor.
d. may cause expansion of bone.
d. may cause expansion of bone.
Which tumor most closely resembles an ameloblastoma with ameloblast-like epithelial cells surrounding areas that look like stellate reticulum?
a. Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor
b. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
c. Calcifying odontogenic cyst
d. Odontogenic myxoma
c. Calcifying odontogenic cyst
Most ameloblastomas are located in the
a. anterior maxilla.
b. posterior maxilla.
c. anterior mandible.
d. posterior mandible.
d. posterior mandible.
Which tumor occurs most frequently in the anterior part of the jaws?
a. Ameloblastoma
b. Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor
c. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
d. Odontogenic myxoma
c. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
How does an adenomatoid odontogenic tumor differ from a dentigerous cyst on radiographic images?
a. It will not be associated with an impacted tooth.
b. It extends beyond the cementoenamel junction and can involve 50% to 60% of the root.
c. It will not form calcifications within the tumor, as does a dentigerous cyst.
d. It will not form a well-circumscribed radiolucency.
b. It extends beyond the cementoenamel junction and can involve 50% to 60% of the root.
The adenomatoid odontogenic tumor features ductlike structures that
a. resemble those found in major salivary glands.
b. resemble those found in minor salivary glands.
c. are actually ameloblast-like cells that resemble ducts because of their circular arrangement.
d. are actually odontoblast-like cells that resemble ducts because of their circular arrangement.
c. are actually ameloblast-like cells that resemble ducts because of their circular arrangement.
Ghost cells are characteristic of which lesion?
a. Calcifying odontogenic cyst
b. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
c. Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor
d. Ameloblastoma
a. Calcifying odontogenic cyst
Which statement is true of the odontogenic myxoma?
a. It occurs most often in people over 50.
b. It exhibits a unilocular radiolucency with well-defined margins.
c. The tumor may become quite large and cause displacement of teeth.
d. Most cases arise in the posterior maxilla.
c. The tumor may become quite large and cause displacement of teeth.
The ameloblastic fibroma
a. occurs most often in adults over 50.
b. occurs more commonly in males than females.
c. is most commonly located in the mandibular anterior region.
d. is most commonly located in the maxillary anterior region.
b. occurs more commonly in males than females.
A compound odontoma
a. consists of a mass of enamel, dentin, cementum, and pulp that does not resemble a normal tooth.
b. usually occurs in the posterior mandible.
c. appears on radiographs as a cluster of miniature teeth surrounded by a radiolucent halo.
d. appears as a radiolucent mass surrounded by a thin radiopaque halo.
c. appears on radiographs as a cluster of miniature teeth surrounded by a radiolucent halo.
The central cemento ossifying fibroma is most likely derived from which cells?
a. Ameloblasts
b. Odontoblasts
c. Osteoblasts
d. Cells of the periodontal ligament
d. Cells of the periodontal ligament
A lipoma
a. is a tumor of peripheral nerve tissue.
b. appears clinically as a yellowish mass surfaced by a thin layer of epithelium.
c. is found most commonly intraorally on the tongue.
d. occurs most often in men over 60.
b. appears clinically as a yellowish mass surfaced by a thin layer of epithelium.
The most common intraoral location for a neurofibroma is the
a. floor of the mouth.
b. vestibule.
c. tongue.
d. tonsillar pillar.
c. tongue.
The granular cell tumor
a. most often occurs on the tongue followed by the buccal mucosa.
b. appears as a painful, ulcerated nodule.
c. occurs most commonly in children.
d. occurs most often in men.
a. most often occurs on the tongue followed by the buccal mucosa.
A rhabdomyosarcoma is a _____ tumor of _____ muscle.
a. benign; smooth
b. malignant; smooth
c. benign; striated
d. malignant; striated
d. malignant; striated
Which statement about hemangiomas is true?
a. The gingiva is the most common intraoral location.
b. They are more common in boys than in girls.
c. They appear as variably sized, deep red or blue lesions that do not blanch when pressure is applied.
d. They may occur in adults as a response to trauma and represent an abnormal proliferation of blood vessels during the healing process.
d. They may occur in adults as a response to trauma and represent an abnormal proliferation of blood vessels during the healing process.
Kaposi sarcoma is
a. caused by a human herpesvirus.
b. seen only in association with HIV infection.
c. most often seen intraorally on the tongue.
d. a malignant striated muscle tumor.
a. caused by a human herpesvirus.
Malignant melanoma usually presents as a(n)
a. slowly enlarging white mass.
b. rapidly enlarging blue-to-black mass.
c. slowly enlarging papule.
d. exophytic, wartlike lesion.
b. rapidly enlarging blue-to-black mass.
Which statement about malignant melanoma is true?
a. It has a benign counterpart known as the benign melanoma.
b. Most malignant melanomas arise on the skin as a result of prolonged exposure to chemicals such as benzene.
c. Primary malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is rare.
d. The most common intraoral location is the tongue.
c. Primary malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is rare.
A “sunburst” pattern is associated with
a. Kaposi sarcoma.
b. osteoma.
c. osteosarcoma.
d. multiple myeloma.
c. osteosarcoma.
Acute leukemia is characterized by a proliferation of _____ cells.
a. immature white blood
b. mature white blood
c. immature plasma
d. mature plasma
a. immature white blood
The most common location for an intraoral lymphoma is the
a. floor of the mouth.
b. posterior lateral border of the tongue.
c. tonsillar area.
d. vestibule.
c. tonsillar area.
Bence Jones proteins are associated with
a. osteosarcoma.
b. leukemia.
c. lymphoma.
d. multiple myeloma.
d. multiple myeloma.
Multiple myeloma is a systemic, malignant proliferation of
a. red blood cells.
b. plasma cells.
c. eosinophils.
d. basophils.
b. plasma cells.
Where is the most frequent intraoral site for metastatic tumors of the jaws?
a. Nares
b. Maxilla
c. Mandible
d. Zygoma
c. Mandible
The benign oral pathologic lesion that occurs frequently in the head and neck area and is classified as capillary or cavernous is termed
a. hematoma.
b. lipoma.
c. adenoma.
d. hemangioma.
d. hemangioma.
All are common warning signs of malignant neoplasms except one. Which is the exception?
a. Leukoplakia
b. Bleeding
c. Erythroplakia
d. Pigmentation
b. Bleeding
Which is a common characteristic of benign neoplasms?
a. Inability to spread to distant sites
b. Nonencapsulated
c. Undifferentiated and pleomorphic
d. No resemblance to surrounding cells
a. Inability to spread to distant sites
A common location of the oral neurofibroma is the
a. tongue.
b. palate.
c. gingiva.
d. buccal mucosa.
a. tongue.
A benign cementoblastoma has all these radiographic characteristics except one. Which is the exception?
a. Well circumscribed
b. Radiopaque
c. Attached to root
d. Multilocular
d. Multilocular
The diagnosis of oral osteosarcoma is dependent on
a. clinical examination.
b. palpation.
c. radiographic interpretation.
d. patient symptoms.
c. radiographic interpretation.