Chapter 7 (Dr. Jacobs) Flashcards
Leukoplakia
Leukoplakia
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Verrucous Cercinoma
(Type of Squamous Cell Carcinoma)
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Salivary Gland Tumors
Ameloblastoma
Ameloblastoma
Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor
Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst
Which choice represents a characteristic of malignant tumors?
a. Encapsulated
b. Ability to spread to distant sites
c. Benign
d. Cells resemble normal cells
b. Ability to spread to distant sites
Anaplastic means the tumor
a. is composed of cells that vary in size and shape.
b. has cells with darker nuclei than those of normal cells.
c. has cells that exhibit an increased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio.
d. does not resemble the tissue from which it was derived.
d. does not resemble the tissue from which it was derived.
A benign tumor of bone is called a(n)
a. osteoma.
b. osteogenic sarcoma.
c. chondroma.
d. carcinoma.
a. osteoma.
A papilloma is a _____ tumor derived from _____ epithelium.
a. benign; salivary gland
b. malignant; squamous
c. benign; squamous
d. malignant; odontogenic
c. benign; squamous
Where do most cases of papilloma occur?
a. Hard palate
b. Buccal mucosa
c. Soft palate or tongue
d. Retromolar area
c. Soft palate or tongue
Idiopathic leukoplakia
a. is a malignant lesion of the oral mucosa.
b. can be rubbed off with gauze squares.
c. is caused by direct irritation, as in tobacco pouch keratosis.
d. does not have a specific known cause.
d. does not have a specific known cause.
An intraoral mucosal lesion that shows a mixture of red and white areas is termed
a. erythroplakia.
b. speckled erythroplakia.
c. speckled leukoplakia.
d. leukoplakia.
c. speckled leukoplakia.
Which statement about erythroplakia is true?
a. Most cases of erythroplakia occur on the buccal mucosa and vestibule.
b. Erythroplakia is more common than leukoplakia.
c. When examined microscopically, 90% of cases of erythroplakia demonstrate epithelial dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma.
d. Erythroplakia is considered a less serious clinical finding than leukoplakia
c. When examined microscopically, 90% of cases of erythroplakia demonstrate epithelial dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma.
Which statement about epithelial dysplasia is true?
a. It is considered a malignant condition.
b. Unlike squamous cell carcinoma, cellular changes in epithelial dysplasia may revert to normal if the stimulus, such as tobacco smoking, is removed.
c. It presents clinically as an erythematous lesion and not a white lesion (leukoplakia).
d. Lesions often arise on the hard and soft palate.
b. Unlike squamous cell carcinoma, cellular changes in epithelial dysplasia may revert to normal if the stimulus, such as tobacco smoking, is removed.
Severe epithelial dysplasia involving the full thickness of the epithelium is termed
a. anaplasia.
b. squamous cell carcinoma.
c. carcinoma in situ.
d. metastasis.
c. carcinoma in situ.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral epithelium usually metastasizes first to which site?
a. Spleen
b. Lungs
c. Liver
d. Lymph nodes
d. Lymph nodes
“Keratin pearls” are a characteristic feature of
a. squamous cell carcinoma.
b. basal cell carcinoma.
c. pleomorphic adenoma.
d. monomorphic adenoma.
a. squamous cell carcinoma.
Squamous cell carcinomas on the vermilion border of the lips and skin of the face are
a. associated with lack of exposure to the sun and vitamin D deficiency.
b. more common in individuals with dark skin.
c. associated with a poorer prognosis than that for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa.
d. associated with color changes of the vermilion border from dark pink and uniform to mottled grayish pink.
d. associated with color changes of the vermilion border from dark pink and uniform to mottled grayish pink.
Which choice is not regarded as an initiating factor in the development of oral cancer?
a. Cigar, pipe, and cigarette smoking
b. Snuff dipping and tobacco chewing
c. Consumption of alcohol
d. Chronic irritation
d. Chronic irritation
According to the TNM staging system for oral squamous carcinoma, T2, N1, M0 would mean tumor _____ cm in diameter, _____ palpable nodes, and _____ metastasis.
a. less than 2; ipsilateral; no distant
b. 2 to 4; ipsilateral; no distant
c. 2 to 4; contralateral; no distant
d. 2 to 4; contralateral; distant
b. 2 to 4; ipsilateral; no distant
Verrucous carcinoma
a. has a better prognosis than other forms of squamous cell carcinomas.
b. appears clinically as a quick-growing exophytic tumor with a pebbly white surface.
c. is characterized by poorly differentiated epithelium with atypical cells.
d. shows invasion of tumor cells through the basement membrane.
a. has a better prognosis than other forms of squamous cell carcinomas.
Most cases of verrucous carcinoma occur in the _____ years old.
a. posterior lateral border of the tongue of women over 40
b. floor of the mouth of women over 70
c. vestibule and buccal mucosa of men over 55
d. bone of the mandible of men over 20
c. vestibule and buccal mucosa of men over 55
Basal cell carcinoma is a _____ tumor that _____ in the oral cavity.
a. benign; occurs
b. malignant; occurs
c. benign; does not occur
d. malignant; does not occur
d. malignant; does not occur
As a general rule, a patient should be referred to an oral and maxillofacial surgeon or dermatologist to have a biopsy performed on any non healing ulcer of the skin or lips that has been
present for more than
a. 24 hours.
b. 2 weeks.
c. 3 months.
d. 1 year.
b. 2 weeks.
ntraoral minor salivary gland tumors are most commonly located
a. on the labial and buccal mucosa.
b. at the junction of the hard and soft palate.
c. on the retromolar area.
d. on the floor of the mouth.
b. at the junction of the hard and soft palate.
A benign tumor of salivary gland origin is termed a(n)
a. leiomyoma.
b. lipoma.
c. adenoma.
d. papilloma.
c. adenoma.
Which is the most common salivary gland neoplasm?
a. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
b. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
c. Pleomorphic adenoma
d. Monomorphic adenoma
c. Pleomorphic adenoma
The most common intraoral location for the pleomorphic adenoma is the
a. parotid gland.
b. submandibular gland.
c. palate.
d. floor of the mouth.
c. palate.
The pleomorphic adenoma
a. is a malignant tumor.
b. appears clinically as a painful dome-shaped mass.
c. occurs most often in children.
d. appears as a slowly enlarging, nonulcerated, painless, dome-shaped mass.
d. appears as a slowly enlarging, nonulcerated, painless, dome-shaped mass.
The Warthin tumor
a. is a unique type of pleomorphic adenoma.
b. presents as a painless, soft mass, usually in the sublingual gland.
c. often develops bilaterally in adult women.
d. contains sheets of lymphocytes that surround the cystic structures.
d. contains sheets of lymphocytes that surround the cystic structures.
Which salivary gland tumor has a “Swiss cheese” appearance under the microscope?
a. Pleomorphic adenoma
b. Monomorphic adenoma
c. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
d. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
c. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
The adenoid cystic carcinoma is
a. a benign tumor of salivary gland origin.
b. well encapsulated and does not infiltrate surrounding tissue.
c. most commonly seen intraorally on the palate.
d. painless.
c. most commonly seen intraorally on the palate.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma is commonly seen in which demographic group?
a. Men
b. Women of childbearing age
c. Fifth and sixth decades of life
d. Children
c. Fifth and sixth decades of life
Which tumor is an unencapsulated, infiltrating tumor composed of a combination of mucous cells interspersed with squamous-like epithelial cells?
a. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
b. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
c. Monomorphic adenoma
d. Pleomorphic adenoma
b. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
A central mucoepidermoid carcinoma is derived from either salivary gland tissue trapped within bone or
a. a periapical abscess surrounding the apex of a nonvital tooth.
b. the transformed epithelial lining of a dentigerous cyst.
c. a lateral periodontal cyst.
d. an incisive canal cyst.
b. the transformed epithelial lining of a dentigerous cyst.
Which is the most common malignant salivary gland tumor found in children?
a. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
b. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
c. Monomorphic adenoma
d. Pleomorphic adenoma
b. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
The ameloblastoma
a. occurs exclusively in the mandible.
b. is a benign, encapsulated tumor.
c. is commonly known as a Pindborg tumor.
d. may cause expansion of bone.
d. may cause expansion of bone.
Which tumor most closely resembles an ameloblastoma with ameloblast-like epithelial cells surrounding areas that look like stellate reticulum?
a. Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor
b. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
c. Calcifying odontogenic cyst
d. Odontogenic myxoma
c. Calcifying odontogenic cyst
Most ameloblastomas are located in the
a. anterior maxilla.
b. posterior maxilla.
c. anterior mandible.
d. posterior mandible.
d. posterior mandible.
Which tumor occurs most frequently in the anterior part of the jaws?
a. Ameloblastoma
b. Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor
c. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
d. Odontogenic myxoma
c. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
How does an adenomatoid odontogenic tumor differ from a dentigerous cyst on radiographic images?
a. It will not be associated with an impacted tooth.
b. It extends beyond the cementoenamel junction and can involve 50% to 60% of the root.
c. It will not form calcifications within the tumor, as does a dentigerous cyst.
d. It will not form a well-circumscribed radiolucency.
b. It extends beyond the cementoenamel junction and can involve 50% to 60% of the root.
The adenomatoid odontogenic tumor features ductlike structures that
a. resemble those found in major salivary glands.
b. resemble those found in minor salivary glands.
c. are actually ameloblast-like cells that resemble ducts because of their circular arrangement.
d. are actually odontoblast-like cells that resemble ducts because of their circular arrangement.
c. are actually ameloblast-like cells that resemble ducts because of their circular arrangement.
Ghost cells are characteristic of which lesion?
a. Calcifying odontogenic cyst
b. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
c. Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor
d. Ameloblastoma
a. Calcifying odontogenic cyst
Which statement is true of the odontogenic myxoma?
a. It occurs most often in people over 50.
b. It exhibits a unilocular radiolucency with well-defined margins.
c. The tumor may become quite large and cause displacement of teeth.
d. Most cases arise in the posterior maxilla.
c. The tumor may become quite large and cause displacement of teeth.
The ameloblastic fibroma
a. occurs most often in adults over 50.
b. occurs more commonly in males than females.
c. is most commonly located in the mandibular anterior region.
d. is most commonly located in the maxillary anterior region.
b. occurs more commonly in males than females.
A compound odontoma
a. consists of a mass of enamel, dentin, cementum, and pulp that does not resemble a normal tooth.
b. usually occurs in the posterior mandible.
c. appears on radiographs as a cluster of miniature teeth surrounded by a radiolucent halo.
d. appears as a radiolucent mass surrounded by a thin radiopaque halo.
c. appears on radiographs as a cluster of miniature teeth surrounded by a radiolucent halo.
The central cemento ossifying fibroma is most likely derived from which cells?
a. Ameloblasts
b. Odontoblasts
c. Osteoblasts
d. Cells of the periodontal ligament
d. Cells of the periodontal ligament
A lipoma
a. is a tumor of peripheral nerve tissue.
b. appears clinically as a yellowish mass surfaced by a thin layer of epithelium.
c. is found most commonly intraorally on the tongue.
d. occurs most often in men over 60.
b. appears clinically as a yellowish mass surfaced by a thin layer of epithelium.
The most common intraoral location for a neurofibroma is the
a. floor of the mouth.
b. vestibule.
c. tongue.
d. tonsillar pillar.
c. tongue.
The granular cell tumor
a. most often occurs on the tongue followed by the buccal mucosa.
b. appears as a painful, ulcerated nodule.
c. occurs most commonly in children.
d. occurs most often in men.
a. most often occurs on the tongue followed by the buccal mucosa.
A rhabdomyosarcoma is a _____ tumor of _____ muscle.
a. benign; smooth
b. malignant; smooth
c. benign; striated
d. malignant; striated
d. malignant; striated
Which statement about hemangiomas is true?
a. The gingiva is the most common intraoral location.
b. They are more common in boys than in girls.
c. They appear as variably sized, deep red or blue lesions that do not blanch when pressure is applied.
d. They may occur in adults as a response to trauma and represent an abnormal proliferation of blood vessels during the healing process.
d. They may occur in adults as a response to trauma and represent an abnormal proliferation of blood vessels during the healing process.
Kaposi sarcoma is
a. caused by a human herpesvirus.
b. seen only in association with HIV infection.
c. most often seen intraorally on the tongue.
d. a malignant striated muscle tumor.
a. caused by a human herpesvirus.
Malignant melanoma usually presents as a(n)
a. slowly enlarging white mass.
b. rapidly enlarging blue-to-black mass.
c. slowly enlarging papule.
d. exophytic, wartlike lesion.
b. rapidly enlarging blue-to-black mass.
Which statement about malignant melanoma is true?
a. It has a benign counterpart known as the benign melanoma.
b. Most malignant melanomas arise on the skin as a result of prolonged exposure to chemicals such as benzene.
c. Primary malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is rare.
d. The most common intraoral location is the tongue.
c. Primary malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is rare.
A “sunburst” pattern is associated with
a. Kaposi sarcoma.
b. osteoma.
c. osteosarcoma.
d. multiple myeloma.
c. osteosarcoma.
Acute leukemia is characterized by a proliferation of _____ cells.
a. immature white blood
b. mature white blood
c. immature plasma
d. mature plasma
a. immature white blood
The most common location for an intraoral lymphoma is the
a. floor of the mouth.
b. posterior lateral border of the tongue.
c. tonsillar area.
d. vestibule.
c. tonsillar area.
Bence Jones proteins are associated with
a. osteosarcoma.
b. leukemia.
c. lymphoma.
d. multiple myeloma.
d. multiple myeloma.
Multiple myeloma is a systemic, malignant proliferation of
a. red blood cells.
b. plasma cells.
c. eosinophils.
d. basophils.
b. plasma cells.
Where is the most frequent intraoral site for metastatic tumors of the jaws?
a. Nares
b. Maxilla
c. Mandible
d. Zygoma
c. Mandible
The benign oral pathologic lesion that occurs frequently in the head and neck area and is classified as capillary or cavernous is termed
a. hematoma.
b. lipoma.
c. adenoma.
d. hemangioma.
d. hemangioma.
All are common warning signs of malignant neoplasms except one. Which is the exception?
a. Leukoplakia
b. Bleeding
c. Erythroplakia
d. Pigmentation
b. Bleeding
Which is a common characteristic of benign neoplasms?
a. Inability to spread to distant sites
b. Nonencapsulated
c. Undifferentiated and pleomorphic
d. No resemblance to surrounding cells
a. Inability to spread to distant sites
A common location of the oral neurofibroma is the
a. tongue.
b. palate.
c. gingiva.
d. buccal mucosa.
a. tongue.
A benign cementoblastoma has all these radiographic characteristics except one. Which is the exception?
a. Well circumscribed
b. Radiopaque
c. Attached to root
d. Multilocular
d. Multilocular
The diagnosis of oral osteosarcoma is dependent on
a. clinical examination.
b. palpation.
c. radiographic interpretation.
d. patient symptoms.
c. radiographic interpretation.
All carcinomas are malignant tumors that originate from squamous epithelium except one. Which is the exception?
a. Adenoid cystic
b. Basal cell
c. Verrucous
d. Squamous cell
a. Adenoid cystic
The distinction between dangerous and innocuous leukoplakia is best determined by the
a. clinical appearance of the lesion.
b. identification of predisposing factors.
c. patient’s previous experience.
d. biopsy of the lesion.
d. biopsy of the lesion.
The name of the benign tumor that is slow growing but locally aggressive and derived in association with an impacted tooth and dentigerous cyst is termed
a. calcifying odontogenic cyst.
b. odontogenic myxoma.
c. compound odontoma.
d. ameloblastoma.
d. ameloblastoma.
Epithelial dysplasia is a microscopy-based diagnosis; it indicates disordered growth and is considered a premalignant condition.
a. Both statements are true.
b. Both statements are false.
c. The first statement is true; the second is false.
d. The first statement is false; the second is true.
a. Both statements are true.
The multiple myeloma is a benign proliferation of plasma cells that produce large amounts of immunoglobulin. Patients usually experience bone pain and swelling.
a. Both statements are true.
b. Both statements are false.
c. The first statement is true; the second is false.
d. The first statement is false; the second is true.
d. The first statement is false; the second is true.
This benign tumor of fat cells that clinically appears as a yellowish mass surfaced by a thin layer of epithelium is referred to as a
a. chondroma.
b. rhabdomyosarcoma.
c. lipoma.
d. lymphoma.
c. lipoma.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral epithelium usually metastasizes first to the lymph nodes of the neck. Common distant sites include
a. kidneys and spleen.
b. lungs and liver.
c. breast and lungs.
d. liver and spleen.
b. lungs and liver.
A benign tumor of cartilage is termed a(n)
a. osteoma.
b. lipoma.
c. chondroma.
d. carcinoma.
c. chondroma.
According to the TNM staging system for oral squamous carcinoma, T3, N0, M0 would mean tumor _____ cm in diameter, _____ palpable nodes, and _____ metastasis.
a. less than; ipsilateral; no distant
b. is 2 to 4; ipsilateral; no distant
c. greater than 4; no; no distant
d. greater than 4; contralateral; distant
c. greater than 4; no; no distant
____ means new growth.
a. Metastasis
b. Neoplasia
c. Hypertrophy
d. Hyperplasia
b. Neoplasia
A _____ both invades and destroys surrounding tissue and has the ability to spread throughout the body.
a. benign tumor
b. malignant tumor
c. hypertrophy
d. hyperplasia
b. malignant tumor
Sarcomas are _____ common than carcinomas.
a. 10 times more
b. 3 times more
c. 3 times less
d. 10 times less
d. 10 times less
Approximately _____% of leukoplakias examined microscopically demonstrate epithelial dysplasia.
a. 1 to 2
b. 5 to 25
c. 50 to 60
d. 90
b. 5 to 25
Patients who have undergone radiation therapy for malignant tumors of the head and neck often experience severe xerostomia as a result of radiation damage to _____ tissue.
a. oral mucosa
b. striated muscle
c. salivary gland
d. tooth
c. salivary gland
A basal cell carcinoma will _____ metastasize.
a. never
b. rarely
c. often
d. always
b. rarely
The _____ is a unique type of monomorphic adenoma.
a. verrucous carcinoma
b. mucoepidermoid carcinoma
c. cylindroma
d. papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum
d. papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum
When a mucoepidermoid carcinoma arises within bone, it will usually be found in the _____ region.
a. maxillary anterior
b. maxillary posterior
c. mandibular anterior
d. mandibular posterior
d. mandibular posterior
An ameloblastoma may appear as a _____ on radiographic images.
a. unilocular radiolucency
b. multilocular opacity
c. unilocular or multilocular radiolucency
d. unilocular or multilocular radiopacity
c. unilocular or multilocular radiolucency
A(n) _____ is composed of islands and sheets of polyhedral epithelial cells with deposits of amyloid-like material that is thought to represent a form of abnormal enamel protein.
a. adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
b. calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor
c. ameloblastoma
d. mucoepidermoid carcinoma
b. calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor
The majority of adenomatoid odontogenic tumors occur in _____ years of age.
a. females over 40
b. males over 40
c. females under 20
d. males under 20
c. females under 20
A _____ is a benign proliferation of capillaries.
a. hematoma
b. hemangioma
c. hamartoma
d. lymphangioma
b. hemangioma
Osteosarcoma occurs more often in the _____ and more often in _____.
a. maxilla; males
b. maxilla; females
c. mandible; males
d. mandible; females
c. mandible; males
Approximately _____% of patients with chondrosarcoma involving the jaws survive 5 years after the diagnosis.
a. 10
b. 30
c. 50
d. 70
b. 30
All terms are associated with malignancy except one. Which is the exception?
a. Invasive
b. Encapsulated
c. Cancer
d. Metastasis
b. Encapsulated
What is the term to describe a malignant tumor in bone?
a. Osteosarcoma
b. Osteoma
c. Lipoma
d. Carcinoma
a. Osteosarcoma
Which lesion most closely resembles a papilloma?
a. Benign mixed tumor
b. Leukoplakia
c. Epithelial dysplasia
d. Verruca vulgaris
d. Verruca vulgaris
Leukoplakia cannot be diagnosed clinically as a specific disease; therefore, it must often be examined in a laboratory setting. When examined microscopically, leukoplakia may reveal the following except one. Which is the exception?
a. Squamous cell carcinoma
b. Hemangioma
c. Epithelial dysplasia
d. Premalignant condition
b. Hemangioma
Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of all three may be used to treat which lesion?
a. Papilloma
b. Fibroma
c. Adenoma
d. rhabdomyosarcoma
d. rhabdomyosarcoma
The papilloma will appear whiter clinically because of additional amounts of what substance?
a. Keratin
b. Exudate
c. Granulation tissue
d. Macrophages
a. Keratin
Which intraoral lesion appears as a smooth red patch or a granular red and velvety patch?
a. Sarcoma
b. Papilloma
c. Erythroplakia
d. Leukoplakia
c. Erythroplakia
Squamous cell carcinoma may appear anywhere in the oral cavity; where is the most common site?
a. Floor of the mouth
b. Gingiva
c. Retromolar pad
d. Midline of the hard palate
a. Floor of the mouth
Which is the most significant factor for the development of squamous cell carcinoma?
a. Sun exposure
b. Tobacco use
c. Age
d. Chronic irritant
b. Tobacco use
Which is the false statement about basal cell carcinoma?
a. It often occurs in white adults with fair complexions.
b. It appears as a non healing ulcer with rolled borders.
c. It is usually seen on the skin of the face.
d. It occurs intraorally.
d. It occurs intraorally.
Where is the most common intraoral location for the development of minor salivary gland tumors?
a. Tongue
b. Junction of the hard and soft palate
c. Interdental papilla
d. Floor of the mouth
b. Junction of the hard and soft palate
Because the origin of these tumors is glandular epithelium, benign tumors of salivary gland origin are termed
a. adenomas
b. nevi
c. chondromas
d. lipomas
a. adenomas
Clinical signs and symptoms of a pleomorphic adenoma include the following except one. Which is the exception?
a. Nonulcerated lesion
b. Painless
c. Quickly enlarging
d. Dome-shaped mass
c. Quickly enlarging
What is the classic radiographic appearance of the ameloblastoma?
a. Multilocular, soap-bubble radiolucency
b. Associated with the crown of an unerupted tooth
c. Unilocular or multilocular radiolucency with radiopaque areas within
d. Multilocular lesions with poorly defined borders, causing tooth displacement
a. Multilocular, soap-bubble radiolucency
What is the treatment for a benign cementoblastoma?
a. No treatment needed
b. Surgical excision and drainage
c. Enucleation of tumor and tooth extraction
d. Surgery and radiation therapy follow-up
c. Enucleation of tumor and tooth extraction
- Cells closely resemble their cells of origin.
a. Benign
- Mitosis is uncontrolled with rapid division.
b. Malignant
- Growth expands by invasion and replaces normal tissue.
b. Malignant
- The majority of these neoplasms are encapsulated.
a. Benign
- Recurrence of the tumor is not common.
a. Benign
- In naming the neoplasm, the word sarcoma or carcinoma is used.
b. Malignant
- Cells are poorly differentiated.
b. Malignant
Occurring within bone
Central
Tooth forming
Odontogenic
Confined to the site of origin without an invasion of neighboring tissues
In situ
Microscopic staining that is more intense than normal
Hyperchromatic
Occurring in various forms
Pleomorphic
Deviating from the usual or natural type
Aberrant
Complete surgical removal without cutting into the lesion
Enucleation
All of the following are associated with the neoplastic transformation of cells except:
A. Chemicals
B. Sunlight
C. Repeated trauma
D. Viruses
C. Repeated trauma
Neoplasia involves all of the following except:
A. Normal arrangement of cells
B. Irreversible cellular changes
C. Abnormal process
D. Uncontrolled cell multiplication
A. Normal arrangement of cells
Which of the following statements concerning leukoplakia is true?
A. Most cases have a history of radiation damage.
B. Sites that are at high risk for epithelial dysplasia include the buccal mucosa and gingiva.
C. A biopsy should be performed to establish a diagnosis
D. Leukoplakia is less common than erythroplakia.
C. A biopsy should be performed to establish a diagnosis
Which of the following is a characteristic of benign tumors?
A. Abnormal mitotic figures
B. Anaplastic cells
C. Slow growth
D. Metastasis likely
C. Slow growth
A small white exophytic lesion on the palate is a benign lesion composed of squamous epithelium. Papillary projections are arranged in a cauliflower-like appearance. It is most likely a:
A. Peripheral ossifying fibroma
B. Neurofibroma
C. Granular cell tumor
D. Papilloma
D. Papilloma
Which of the following is not a microscopic characteristic of squamous cell carcinoma?
A. Invasion of tumor cells into the connective tissue
B. Cells with very small nuclei
C. Cells with hyperchromatic nuclei
D. Keratin pearls
B. Cells with very small nuclei
Which of the following are the most common locations for intraoral squamous cell carcinoma?
A. Upper labial mucosa, frenum, and lingual gingiva
B. Lower labial mucosa, maxillary gingiva, and buccal mucosa
C. Floor of the mouth, ventrolateral tongue, and soft palate
D. Anterior tongue, mandibular gingiva, and retromolar area
C. Floor of the mouth, ventrolateral tongue, and soft palate
A patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the lateral tongue exhibits metastatic disease in the liver. What clinical stage correlates with these findings?
A. Stage I
B. Stage II
C. Stage III
D. Stage IV
D. Stage IV
Which of the following represents the earliest clinical example of squamous cell carcinoma?
A. Nonhealing ulceration
B. Exophytic lesion
C. Pigmented area
D. Destructive radiolucency
A. Nonhealing ulceration
The most appropriate treatment for epithelial dysplasia is:
A. Radiation therapy
B. Chemotherapy
C. Surgical excision
D. Observation
C. Surgical excision
Verrucous carcinoma is differentiated from squamous cell carcinoma because it:
A. Occurs primarily in the nasal passages
B. Responds to chemotherapy
C. Often metastasizes
D. Has a better prognosis
D. Has a better prognosis
The most common intraoral location for salivary gland tumors is the:
A. Upper lip
B. Anterior buccal mucosa
C. Junction of the hard and soft palate
D. Posteror lateral tongue
C. Junction of the hard and soft palate
Which of the following is not an example of a malignant salivary gland tumor?
A. Pleomorphic adenoma
B. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
C. Cylindroma
D. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
A. Pleomorphic adenoma
Which of the following statements concerning an ameloblastoma is false?
A. It can present as a multilocular radiolucency
B. It is a benign and locally aggressive lesion
C. It often occurs in the mandibular molar and ramus area
D. It should be treated with radiation therapy
D. It should be treated with radiation therapy
The odontogenic tumor that characteristically appears as a well-circumscribed radiolucency located in the anterior maxilla of an adolescent girl is a(n):
A. Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma
B. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
C. Peripheral ossifying fibroma
D. Odontogenic myxoma
B. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
Which odontogenic tumor most closely resembles the mesenchyme of the dental follicle?
A. Benign cementoblastoma
B. Odontogenic myxoma
C. Compound odontoma
D. Ameloblastoma
B. Odontogenic myxoma
Which one of the following best describes a benign cementoblastoma?
A. It is a well-circumscribed radiopaque lesion with a radiolucent halo fused to the root of a vital tooth
B. It has a radiolucent multilocular appearance
C. It is a radiolucent lesion surrounding the crown of an impacted tooth
D. It is composed of numerous toothlike structures
A. It is a well-circumscribed radiopaque lesion with a radiolucent halo fused to the root of a vital tooth
Which of the following lesions characteristically occurs on the alveolar mucosa in newborn girls?
A. Granular cell tumor
B. Congenital epulis
C. Lymphangioma
D. Plasmacytoma
B. Congenital epulis
Human herpesvirus 8 is associated with:
A. Herpangina
B. Rhabdomyosarcoma
C. Kaposi sarcoma
D. Schwannoma
C. Kaposi sarcoma
A compound odontoma differs from a complex odontoma in that a compound odontoma:
A. Is composed of several toothlike structures
B. Has unlimited growth potential
C. Presents as a radiopaque mass
D. Is located in the posterior mandible
A. Is composed of several toothlike structures
Peripheral odontogenic tumors are located on the:
A. Palate
B. Gingiva
C. Lower lip
D. Buccal mucosa
B. Gingiva
A benign tumor of adipose tissue is called a:
A. Lipoma
B. Neurofibroma
C. Hemangioma
D. Lymphangioma
A. Lipoma
The most common malignant soft tissue tumor of the head and neck in children is:
A. Squamous cell carcinoma
B. Lymphangioma
C. Rhabdomyosarcoma
D. Osteosarcoma
C. Rhabdomyosarcoma
Malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is rare; however, the most common intraoral location is the:
A. Lateral tongue
B. Anterior buccal mucosa
C. Palate and maxillary gingiva
D. Retromolar area
C. Palate and maxillary gingiva
Which of the following neoplasms often occurs in the buccal mucosa or vestibule?
A. Lipoma
B. Congenital epulis
C. Lymphangioma
D. Rhabdomyoma
A. Lipoma
A malignant tumor of bone-forming tissue is called:
A. Chondrosarcoma
B. Neurofibroma
C. Osteosarcoma
D. Rhabdomyosarcoma
C. Osteosarcoma
An overproduction of atypical white blood cells in the bone marrow that results in an increase white blood cells in the circulating blood is called:
A. Lymphoma
B. Leukemia
C. Malignant melanoma
D. Leukopenia
B. Leukemia
Which of the following is a malignant tumor of lymphocytes?
A. Multiple myeloma
B. Lymphoma
C. Malignant melanoma
D. Rhabdomyosarcoma
B. Lymphoma
The cell type involved in multiple myeloma is a(n):
A. Lymphocyte
B. Neutrophil
C. Eosinophil
D. Plasma cell
D. Plasma cell
The most frequent intraoral site for metastatic tumors is the:
A. Gingiva
B. Mandible
C. Soft palate
D. Floor of the mouth
B. Mandible
Which of the following tumors is associated with von Recklinghausen disease?
A. Monomorphic adenoma
B. Lipoma
C. Fibroma
D. Neurofibroma
D. Neurofibroma
Which of the following is the most common odonotogenic tumor?
A. Odontoma
B. Peripheral ossifying fibroma
C. Ameloblastic fibroma
D. Odontogenic myxoma
A. Odontoma
Which of the following salivary gland tumors often occurs in adult men?
A. Pleomorphic adenoma
B. Monomorphic adenoma
C. Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum
D. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
C. Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum
A benign tumor composed of a proliferation of capillaries is called a:
A. Neurofibroma
B. Hemangioma
C. Rhabdomyoma
D. Lymphangioma
B. Hemangioma
A white plaquelike lesion that cannot be rubbed off or diagnosed clinically as a specific disease is called:
A. Squamous cell carcinoma
B. Erythroplakia
C. Leukoplakia
D. Epithelial dysplasia
C. Leukoplakia
All of the following are benign lesions that histologically contain bone or bonelike material except a(n):
A. Torus
B. Odontoma
C. Exostosis
D. Peripheral ossifying fibroma
B. Odontoma
Which of the following malignant tumors may present as diffuse gingival enlargement with persistent bleeding?
A. Leukemia
B. Multiple myeloma
C. Chondrosarcoma
D. Neurofibroma
A. Leukemia
Which of the following malignancies is characterized by a monoclonal spike on immunoelectrophoresis?
A. Osteosarcoma
B. Squamous cell carcinoma
C. Multiple myeloma
D. Leukemia
C. Multiple myeloma
Which of the following malignant tumors has been reported to show a characteristic sunburst pattern on radiographic examination?
A. Malignant melanoma
B. Osteosarcoma
C. Lymphoma
D. Rhabdomyosarcoma
B. Osteosarcoma
All of the following neoplasms arise from squamous epithelium except a(n):
A. Squamous cell carcinoma
B. Verrucous carcinoma
C. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
D. Papilloma
C. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
Which one of the following concerning solar cheilitis is false?
A. There is distinct demarcation between vermilion border and skin
B. It appears as mottled grayish-pink discoloration of lower lip
C. Linear fissures are seen at right angles to the vermilion border
D. It is caused by excessive exposure to sunlight
A. There is distinct demarcation between vermilion border and skin
Which of the following has the best long-term prognosis?
A. Basal cell carcinoma
B. Intraoral squamous cell carcinoma
C. Rhabdomyosarcoma
D. Malignant melanoma
A. Basal cell carcinoma
Which of the following does not arise in the oral cavity?
A. Squamous cell carcinoma
B. Malignant melanoma
C. Basal cell carcinoma
D. Verrucous carcinoma
C. Basal cell carcinoma
Which of the following may undergo malignant transformation?
A. Granular cell tumor
B. Pleomorphic adenoma
C. Torus
D. Hemangioma
B. Pleomorphic adenoma
Which of the following neoplasms occurs most often in males?
A. Congenital epulis
B. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
C. Torus
D. Multiple myeloma
D. Multiple myeloma
Pain is most often a symptom of a(n):
A. Compound odontoma
B. Benign cementoblastoma
C. Neurofibroma
D. Lipoma
B. Benign cementoblastoma
Central involvement of the jaws may occur with a :
A. Granular cell tumor
B. Peripheral ossifying fibroma
C. Melanocytic nevus
D. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
D. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Syndrome involvement may occur with a(n):
A. Neurofibroma
B. Verrucous carcinoma
C. Pleomorphic adenoma
D. Ameloblastic fibroma
A. Neurofibroma
Which of the following neoplasms is most likely to occur in the jaws?
A. Ameloblastoma
B. Melanocytic nevus
C. Pleomorphic adenoma
D. Basal cell carcinoma
A. Ameloblastoma
Which of the following neoplasms has the worst long-term prognosis?
A. Basal cell carcinoma
B. Verrucous carcinoma
C. Granular cell tumor
D. Metastatic tumor to the jaws
D. Metastatic tumor to the jaws
What is the most common benign salivary gland tumor?
A. Trabecular adenoma
B. Pleomorphic adenoma
C. Canalicular adenoma
D. Warthin tumor
B. Pleomorphic adenoma
Which on elf the following is not a characteristic feature of the ameloblastoma?
A. It is a benign tumor
B. It most often occurs in the mandible
C. It may be multilocular
D. It is encapsulated
D. It is encapsulated
A hemangioma is a:
A. Malignant tumor of melanocytes
B. Benign tumor of fat cells
C. Benign tumor of blood vessels
D. Tumor of muscles
C. Benign tumor of blood vessels
What is the most common intraoral location of tumors of nerve (neurofibroma and schwannoma)?
A. Buccal mucosa
B. Lip
C. Palate
D. Tongue
D. Tongue
Which of the following are melanin-producing cells?
A. Nevus cells
B. Squamous cells
C. Granular cells
D. Mesenchymal cells
A. Nevus cells
Which of the following tumors may contain central radiopacities?
A. Ameloblastoma
B. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
C. Granular cell tumor
D. Squamous cell carcinoma
B. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
Which one of the following is not a characteristic of a malignant tumor?
A. It is fully encapsulated
B. It has abnormal mitotic figures
C. It has pleomorphic cells
D. It has keratin pearls
A. It is fully encapsulated
Which one of the following is not a monomorphic adenoma?
A. Trabecular adenoma
B. Canalicular adenoma
C. Pleomorphic adenoma
D. Papillary cyst adenoma lymphomatosum
C. Pleomorphic adenoma
Waldeyer ring is composed of:
A. Epithelial cells
B. Melanocytes
C. Lymphoid tissue
D. Adipose tissue
C. Lymphoid tissue
