Chapter 5 Flashcards

Which term describes a disorder present at and existing from the time of birth?
a. Anomaly
b. Inherited
c. Congenital
d. Developmental
c. Congenital
A congenital disorder is present at and existing from the time of birth. An anomaly is a marked deviation from normal that can be the result of congenital or hereditary defects. Inherited disorders are caused by abnormalities in the genetic makeup transmitted from parent to offspring. Developmental disorders occur when failure or disturbances occur during the complex series of cell division, multiplication, or differentiation.

Which term describes partial anodontia or the lack of one or more teeth? a. Anodontia
b. Ankylosed
c. Hypodontia
d. Gemination
c. Hypodontia
Hypodontia defines partial anodontia or the lack of one or more teeth. Anodontia is the congenital lack of teeth. Ankylosed teeth are those fused to alveolar bone, usually retained deciduous teeth. Gemination occurs when a single tooth germ attempts to divide, resulting in the incomplete formation of two teeth.
- Which epithelium-lined tract is a developmental anomaly located in the corners of the mouth?
a. Commissural lip pit
b. Angular cheilitis
c. Fistula
d. Congenital lip pit

a. Commissural lip pit
Commissural lip pits are epithelium-lined blind tracts located in the corners of the mouth. Angular cheilitis is often caused by Candida organisms. It appears as erythema or fissuring at the labial commissures. A fistula is a drainage tract from an area of infection. A congenital lip pit occurs near the midline of the vermilion border of the lip, and it appears as a depression.
- The formation of dentin is termed
a. amelogenesis.
b. dentinogenesis.
c. dens in dente.
d. odontogenesis.
b. dentinogenesis.
Dentinogenesis is the formation of dentin. Amelogenesis is the formation of enamel. Dens in dente is a developmental anomaly called a tooth within a tooth. Odontogenesis is tooth development in the human embryo.

- The first branchial arch divides into two maxillary processes and the _____ process.
a. mandibular
b. frontal
c. median nasal
d. globular
a. mandibular
The first branchial arch divides into two maxillary processes and the mandibular process. The frontal process is a structure above the first branchial arch. The median nasal process develops from the frontal process. The globular process develops from the median nasal process.
The body of the tongue develops from the
A) frontal process.
B) first branchial arch.
C) second branchial arch.
D) third branchial arch.
B) first branchial arch.
The body of the tongue develops from the first branchial arch. The frontal process is above the first branchial arch. The second and third branchial arches form the base of the tongue.

Which term defines the joining of two adjacent teeth by cementum only?
a. Twinning
b. Concrescence
c. Cementogenesis
d. Fusion

b. Concrescence
Concrescence is the joining of two or more adjacent teeth by cementum. Twinning, or gemination, occurs when a single tooth germ begins to divide, resulting in the incomplete formation of two teeth. Cementogenesis is the formation of cementum. Fusion is the union of two adjacent tooth germs.

- Odontogenesis in the human embryo occurs at
A) 3 weeks.
B) 5 weeks.
C) 5 months.
D) 1 month.
B) 5 weeks.
Odontogenesis in the human embryo occurs at 5 weeks. The face begins proliferation and differentiation at 3 weeks. Formation of hard dental tissues begins at 5 months. There is no initial odontogenesis at 1 month in utero.

This patient exhibits an extensive adhesion of the tongue to the floor of the mouth caused by the short lingual frenum. What condition is suspected?
A) Ankyloglossia
B) Frenectomy
C) Lingual thyroid
D) Total ankyloglossia
A) Ankyloglossia
Ankyloglossia is an extensive adhesion of the tongue to the floor of the mouth caused by a short lingual frenum. A frenectomy is a surgical procedure performed to remove a portion of the lingual frenum in the treatment of ankyloglossia. Lingual thyroid is a smooth nodular mass at the base of the tongue posterior to the circumvallate papillae and near the midline. Total ankyloglossia rarely occurs.
Clinically, the lingual thyroid nodule appears as a smooth nodular mass
A) at the base of the tongue posterior to the circumvallate papillae.
B) on the anterior ventral tongue.
C) on the lateral borders of the middle third of the tongue.
D) anterior to the circumvallate papillae.
A) at the base of the tongue posterior to the circumvallate papillae.
Clinically the lingual thyroid nodule appears as a smooth nodular mass at the base of the tongue posterior to the circumvallate papillae. The lingual thyroid nodule is not found on the anterior ventral tongue. The lingual thyroid nodule is not found on the lateral borders of the middle third of the tongue. The lingual thyroid nodule is not found anterior to the circumvallate papillae.
The most common cyst observed in the oral cavity is caused by pulpal inflammation and is called a(n) _____ cyst.
a. dentigerous
b. eruption
c. radicular
d. primordial

c. radicular
The radicular cyst is the most common cyst observed in the oral cavity. It is caused by pulpal inflammation. A dentigerous cyst forms around the crown of an unerupted or developing tooth. An eruption cyst is found in the soft tissue around the crown of an erupting tooth. A primordial cyst develops in place of a tooth, usually the third molar or posterior to an erupted third molar.

This unilocular radiolucency around the crown of an unerupted second premolar is most likely a
A) normal developmental sac.
B) dentigerous cyst.
C) primordial cyst.
D) lateral periodontal cyst.

B) dentigerous cyst.
A dentigerous cyst is a well-defined unilocular radiolucency around the crown of an unerupted tooth. A normal developmental sac has a much smaller radiolucency around the crown. A primordial cyst develops in place of a tooth. The lateral periodontal cyst is most often seen in the mandibular cuspid and premolar region.
The _____ is characterized by its unique histologic appearance and its frequent recurrence rate.
A) radicular cyst
B) residual cyst
C) dentigerous cyst
D) odontogenic keratocyst

D) odontogenic keratocyst
The odontogenic keratocyst is characterized by its unique histologic appearance and its frequent recurrence rate. The radicular cyst is caused by pulpal inflammation. The residual cyst remains after extraction of the tooth with the radicular cyst. The radicular cyst is left behind and not removed. The dentigerous cyst is treated by complete removal of the cyst and the tooth involved.

The lateral periodontal cyst occurs most often on the lateral aspect of a tooth root, which is usually the
A) mandibular third molar.
B) maxillary premolars.
C) mandibular cuspid/premolars.
D) maxillary anteriors.

C) mandibular cuspid/premolars.
The mandibular cuspid/premolar area is the most common site for the lateral periodontal cyst. The mandibular third molar is not the site for a lateral periodontal cyst. Maxillary premolars are not the site for a lateral periodontal cyst. Maxillary ante riors are not the site for a lateral periodontal cyst.


Radiographically, this radiolucent cyst is often heart shaped, caused by the anatomic Y shape of the area. It is called the _____ cyst.
A) nasopalatine canal
B) median palatine
C) nasolabial
D) globulomaxillary

A) nasopalatine canal
The nasopalatine canal cyst is often heart shaped. The median palatine cyst appears as a well-defined unilocular radiolucency in the midline of the palate. The nasolabial cyst is a soft tissue cyst with no alveolar bone involvement. The globulomaxillary cyst is a well-defined pear-shaped radiolucency found between the roots of the maxillary lateral and cuspid.






















































