Chapter 7 Book/PowerPoint

Question 1

A _____ is the process in which cells exhibit abnormal and uncontrolled proliferation. This change is irreversible. (New growth)

Answer 1

neoplasia

Question 2

A ______ is the new growth of TISSUE in which growth is uncontrolled and progressive.

Answer 2

neoplasm

Question 3

A _____ can invade adjacent tissue, but does not have the ability to spread to distant sites. It remains localized, may be encapsulated with fibrous connective tissue. (Does not metastasize)

Answer 3

benign tumor or neoplasia

**Neoplasia is new, uncontrolled growth of cells that is not under physiologic control. A “tumor” or “mass lesion” is simply a “growth” or “enlargement” which may not be neoplastic (such as a granuloma). The term “cancer” implies malignancy, but neoplasms can be subclassified as either benign or malignant.**

Question 4

A ____ has the ability to invade and destroy surrounding tissue. It can spread throughout the body. (Does metastasize)

Answer 4

malignant tumor

Question 5

_____ is synonymous with malignancy

Answer 5

Cancer

Question 6

Definition:

A benign tumor consisting of melanocytes (nevus cells); also a circumscribed, usually pigmented, congenital malformation of the skin or oral mucosa.

Answer 6

Nevus

Question 7

What agents have been shown to cause neoplastic formation?

Answer 7

chemicals, viruses and radiation

Question 8

What are neoplastic cells?

Answer 8

Cells that have undergone uncontrolled proliferation leading to the formation of a tumor.

**Neoplastic diseases are conditions that cause tumor growth — both benign and malignant. **

Question 9

An ____ cell is characterized by a loss of differentiation of cells and their orientation to one another.

Answer 9

anaplastic

Question 10

Malignant tumors are ______. They are often composed of cells that vary in size and shape.

Answer 10

pleomorphic

Question 11

What type of tumor is described below?

• usually well differentiated
• usually slow growing
• mitotic figures are rare
• usually encapsulated
• no metastasis

Answer 11

benign

Question 12

What type of tumor is described below?

• Well differentiated to anaplastic
• Slow to rapid growth
• Mitotic figures may be numerous
• Invasive and unencapsulated
• Metastasis likely

Answer 12

malignant

Question 13

Tumors of the epithelium can originate from squamous cells. A _____ is a benign tumor of squamous cells. A _____ is a malignant tumor of squamous cells.

Answer 13

papilloma; squamous cell carcinoma or epidermoid carcinoma

Question 14

Tumors of the epithelium can originate from basal cells.

_______ is a malignant tumor of basal cells.

Answer 14

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 15

Tumors of the epithelium can originate from glands or ducts.

An _____ is a benign tumor of a gland or duct. An _____ is a malignant tumor of a gland or duct.

Answer 15

adenoma; adenocarcinoma

Question 16

A _____ is a malignant tumor of epithelium (10x more prevalent than sarcoma), whereas a sarcoma is a malignant tumor of ______.

Answer 16

carcinoma; connective tissue

Question 17

Definition:

Malignant tumor of bone.

Answer 17

Osteosarcoma

Question 18

What do the three different types of epithelial tumors found in the oral cavity come from?

Answer 18

From squamous epithelium, salivary gland epithelium and odontogenic epithelium

Question 19

A ______ _______ and ______ are premalignant lesions.

Answer 19

˜Leukoplakia

˜Erythroplakia

˜Epithelial dysplasia

Question 20

_______ are premalignant lesions (means “white plaque”). Most are due to a hyperkeratosis, or epithelial hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis.

Answer 20

Leukoplakia

Question 21

_______ is a premalignant oral lesion that appears as a smooth red patch or a granular red and velvety patch. Most cases are located on the floor of the mouth, tongue, and soft palate.

This lesion is less common than leukoplakia.

_______leukoplakia is a lesion that shows a mix of red and white areas

Answer 21

Erythroplakia; Speckled

Question 22

_________ is a form of leukoplakia characterized by the development of a persistent, slow speading, exophytic tumor with a red and white surface that has papillary epithelial projections.

It persists even after surgical removal and has a high risk of the development of squamous cell carcinoma.

Answer 22

Verrucous Leukoplakia

Question 23

_______ is a severe dysplasia involving the full thickness of the epithelium (changes not just on top of epithelium, it invades the full thickness up to the basal membrane)

Answer 23

˜Carcinoma in situ

Question 24

________ is a malignant tumor of squamous epithelium. It is the most common primary malignancy of the oral cavity.

This type of tumor usually metastasizes to lymph nodes in the neck and then to distant sites, such as the lungs and liver

Clinically, it usually is an exophytic ulcerative mass and it can infiltrate and destroy bone.

Answer 24

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Question 25

The essential microscopic feature of SCC is the invasion of tumor cells through the ______ into the underlying connective tissue.

Answer 25

epithelial basement membrane

Question 26

In addition to the normal surface keratin seen in squamous epithelium, keratin may be seen in individual cells within the tumor in structures called _____.

Answer 26

keratin pearls

Question 27

___ occurs most often on the floor of the mouth, ventrolateral tongue, soft palate, tonsillar pillar, and retromolar areas.

It may also occur on the vermilion border of the lips and skin of the face.

Answer 27

SCC

Question 28

Which locations have a better prognosis than SCC of the oral mucosa?

Answer 28

the vermillion border of the lips and skin of the face

Question 29

______ is a condition in which mild to severe epithelial dysplasia occurs. Avoiding sun exposure and using a sun-blocking agent can help prevent sun damage.

Answer 29

Solar chelitis

Question 30

Exophytic

Question 31

Tobacco, Smoking, Snuff dipping,Tobacco chewing, Alcohol consumption, Damage from ultraviolet rays and the Human papillomavirus (HPV) are all risk factors for ___.

Answer 31

SCC

Question 32

______ is a malignant skin tumor associated with excessive exposure to the sun. It frequently arises on the skin of the face, appears as a nonhealing ulcer with characteristic rolled borders.

Answer 32

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Question 33

Pleomorphic adenoma, monomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma (cylindroma), and mucoepidermoid carcinoma are all ________ tumors.

Answer 33

salivary gland

Question 34

May arise in either major or minor salivary glands

Minor salivary gland tumors are most often located at the ______.

Answer 34

junction of the hard and soft palate

Question 35

_____ are benign tumors of salivary glands.

Answer 35

Adenomas

Question 36

Which salivary tumor has the following characteristics?

• benign
• comprise 90% of all salivary gland tumors
• most common extraoral location is the parotid gland
• the most common intraoral location is the palate

Answer 36

Pleomorphic Adenoma (Benign Mixed Tumor)

(A.)

Question 37

The monomorphic adenoma that usually occurs on the parotid gland in adult man is called a ______.

Answer 37

Warthin tumor

Question 38

_______ adenomas most commonly occur in adult females in the upper lip and buccal mucosa.

Encapsulated

Answer 38

Monomorphic

Question 39

An ________ is a slow-growing malignant tumor of either major or minor salivary gland tissue, it may be ulcerated and painful.

Most common site: Parotid gland

Answer 39

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

Question 40

_____ are derived from tooth-forming tissues. They are mostly benign and may be composed of epithelium, mesenchyme, or a combination of both.

Answer 40

Odontogenic tumors

Question 41

______ is the disordered growth; alteration in size, shape, and organization of adults cells.

Answer 41

Dysplasia