Chapter 7 Book/PowerPoint Flashcards
A _____ is the process in which cells exhibit abnormal and uncontrolled proliferation. This change is irreversible. (New growth)
neoplasia
A ______ is the new growth of TISSUE in which growth is uncontrolled and progressive.
neoplasm
A _____ can invade adjacent tissue, but does not have the ability to spread to distant sites. It remains localized, may be encapsulated with fibrous connective tissue. (Does not metastasize)
benign tumor or neoplasia
**Neoplasia is new, uncontrolled growth of cells that is not under physiologic control. A “tumor” or “mass lesion” is simply a “growth” or “enlargement” which may not be neoplastic (such as a granuloma). The term “cancer” implies malignancy, but neoplasms can be subclassified as either benign or malignant.**
A ____ has the ability to invade and destroy surrounding tissue. It can spread throughout the body. (Does metastasize)
malignant tumor
_____ is synonymous with malignancy
Cancer
Definition:
A benign tumor consisting of melanocytes (nevus cells); also a circumscribed, usually pigmented, congenital malformation of the skin or oral mucosa.
Nevus
What agents have been shown to cause neoplastic formation?
chemicals, viruses and radiation
What are neoplastic cells?
Cells that have undergone uncontrolled proliferation leading to the formation of a tumor.
**Neoplastic diseases are conditions that cause tumor growth — both benign and malignant. **
An ____ cell is characterized by a loss of differentiation of cells and their orientation to one another.
anaplastic
Malignant tumors are ______. They are often composed of cells that vary in size and shape.
pleomorphic
What type of tumor is described below?
- usually well differentiated
- usually slow growing
- mitotic figures are rare
- usually encapsulated
- no metastasis
benign
What type of tumor is described below?
- Well differentiated to anaplastic
- Slow to rapid growth
- Mitotic figures may be numerous
- Invasive and unencapsulated
- Metastasis likely
malignant
Tumors of the epithelium can originate from squamous cells. A _____ is a benign tumor of squamous cells. A _____ is a malignant tumor of squamous cells.
papilloma; squamous cell carcinoma or epidermoid carcinoma
Tumors of the epithelium can originate from basal cells.
_______ is a malignant tumor of basal cells.
Basal cell carcinoma
Tumors of the epithelium can originate from glands or ducts.
An _____ is a benign tumor of a gland or duct. An _____ is a malignant tumor of a gland or duct.
adenoma; adenocarcinoma
A _____ is a malignant tumor of epithelium (10x more prevalent than sarcoma), whereas a sarcoma is a malignant tumor of ______.
carcinoma; connective tissue
Definition:
Malignant tumor of bone.
Osteosarcoma
What do the three different types of epithelial tumors found in the oral cavity come from?
From squamous epithelium, salivary gland epithelium and odontogenic epithelium
A ______ _______ and ______ are premalignant lesions.
Leukoplakia
Erythroplakia
Epithelial dysplasia
_______ are premalignant lesions (means “white plaque”). Most are due to a hyperkeratosis, or epithelial hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis.
Leukoplakia
_______ is a premalignant oral lesion that appears as a smooth red patch or a granular red and velvety patch. Most cases are located on the floor of the mouth, tongue, and soft palate.
This lesion is less common than leukoplakia.
_______leukoplakia is a lesion that shows a mix of red and white areas
Erythroplakia; Speckled
_________ is a form of leukoplakia characterized by the development of a persistent, slow speading, exophytic tumor with a red and white surface that has papillary epithelial projections.
It persists even after surgical removal and has a high risk of the development of squamous cell carcinoma.
Verrucous Leukoplakia
_______ is a severe dysplasia involving the full thickness of the epithelium (changes not just on top of epithelium, it invades the full thickness up to the basal membrane)
Carcinoma in situ
________ is a malignant tumor of squamous epithelium. It is the most common primary malignancy of the oral cavity.
This type of tumor usually metastasizes to lymph nodes in the neck and then to distant sites, such as the lungs and liver
Clinically, it usually is an exophytic ulcerative mass and it can infiltrate and destroy bone.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
The essential microscopic feature of SCC is the invasion of tumor cells through the ______ into the underlying connective tissue.
epithelial basement membrane
In addition to the normal surface keratin seen in squamous epithelium, keratin may be seen in individual cells within the tumor in structures called _____.
keratin pearls
___ occurs most often on the floor of the mouth, ventrolateral tongue, soft palate, tonsillar pillar, and retromolar areas.
It may also occur on the vermilion border of the lips and skin of the face.
SCC
Which locations have a better prognosis than SCC of the oral mucosa?
the vermillion border of the lips and skin of the face
______ is a condition in which mild to severe epithelial dysplasia occurs. Avoiding sun exposure and using a sun-blocking agent can help prevent sun damage.
Solar chelitis
Exophytic
Tobacco, Smoking, Snuff dipping,Tobacco chewing, Alcohol consumption, Damage from ultraviolet rays and the Human papillomavirus (HPV) are all risk factors for ___.
SCC
______ is a malignant skin tumor associated with excessive exposure to the sun. It frequently arises on the skin of the face, appears as a nonhealing ulcer with characteristic rolled borders.
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Pleomorphic adenoma, monomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma (cylindroma), and mucoepidermoid carcinoma are all ________ tumors.
salivary gland
May arise in either major or minor salivary glands
Minor salivary gland tumors are most often located at the ______.
junction of the hard and soft palate
_____ are benign tumors of salivary glands.
Adenomas
Which salivary tumor has the following characteristics?
- benign
- comprise 90% of all salivary gland tumors
- most common extraoral location is the parotid gland
- the most common intraoral location is the palate
Pleomorphic Adenoma (Benign Mixed Tumor)
(A.)
The monomorphic adenoma that usually occurs on the parotid gland in adult man is called a ______.
Warthin tumor
_______ adenomas most commonly occur in adult females in the upper lip and buccal mucosa.
Encapsulated
Monomorphic
An ________ is a slow-growing malignant tumor of either major or minor salivary gland tissue, it may be ulcerated and painful.
Most common site: Parotid gland
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
_____ are derived from tooth-forming tissues. They are mostly benign and may be composed of epithelium, mesenchyme, or a combination of both.
Odontogenic tumors
______ is the disordered growth; alteration in size, shape, and organization of adults cells.
Dysplasia
