Chapter 7: Cognitive and Language Development Flashcards
What are the 2 approaches to teach children how to read?
- Whole-language approach
- Phonics approach
What is cardinality?
That the last word in a counting sequence indicates the quantity of items in a set
What is fuzzy-trace theory?
When we first encode information, we reconstruct it automatically, creating a vague version called a gist, which preserves essential meaning without details and is especially useful for reasoning.
What is semantic memory?
Our vast, taxonomically organised and hierarchically structured general knowledge system, consisting of concepts, language meanings, facts and rules.
What is episodic memory?
Recollections of personally experienced events that occurred at a specific time and place.
What are scripts?
General descriptions of what occurs and when it occurs in a particular situation
What is autobiographical memory?
Made up of representations of one-time events that are long-lasting because they are imbued with personal meaning.
What is metacognition?
Awareness and understanding of one’s own thought process.
What is theory of mind?
The ability to understand that other people have thoughts, beliefs, desires, intentions and perspectives that are different from one’s own.
What is cognitive self-regulation?
The process of continually monitoring and controlling progress towards a goal - planning, checking outcomes and redirecting unsuccessful efforts
What is emergent literacy?
Children’s active efforts to construct literacy knowledge through informal experiences.
What is phonological awareness?
The ability to reflect on and manipulate the sound structure of spoken language
What is the whole-language approach?
Children should be exposed to text in its complete form - stories, poems, letters, etc - so that they can appreciate the communicative function of written language.
What is the phonics approach?
Children should be coached on phonics, the basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds.
What is ordinality?
The order relationships between quantities
