Chapter 6: Cognitive and Language Development Flashcards
What is cognition?
All inner processes and products of the mind that lead to “knowing” - includes all mental activity - remembering, planning etc
Difference between schemes and mental representations?
Schemes are organised ways of making sense of experience, while mental representations are internal depictions of information that the mind can manipulate
What is the violation of expectation methdo?
Habituate babies to a physical event. Then show them expected event and unexpected event. Heightened attention to the unexpected event
What is analogical problem solving?
Applying a solution strategy from one problem to other relevant problems
What is dual representation
Viewing a symbolic object as both an object in its own right and a symbol
What is propositional thought?
Adolescent’s ability to evaluate the logic of propositions (verbal statements) without referring to real-world circumstances
What is the zone of proximal development?
A range of tasks too difficult for the child to do alone but possible with the help of adults and more skilled peers
What is intersubjectivity?
The process whereby two participants who begin a task with different understandings arrive at a shared understanding
What is scaffolding?
Adjusting the support offered during a teaching session to fit the child’s current level of performance
What is guided participation?
Shared endeavours between more expert and less expert participants, without specifying the precise features of communication
What is reciprocal teaching?
A teacher and 2 to 4 students form a collaborative group and take turns leading dialogues on the content of a text passage. Within the dialogues, group members apply 4 cognitive strategies: questioning, summarising, clarifying and predicting
