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PL3104: Developmental Psychology > Chapter 3: Foundations of Development > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Foundations of Development Flashcards

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1
Q

What are phenotypes?

A

Directly observable characteristics

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2
Q

What is genotype?

A

The complete set of genes or the genetic makeup of an organism

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3
Q

What do chromosomes do?

A

Store and transmit genetic information

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4
Q

What is DNA?

A

Long double stranded molecule that looks like a twisted ladder. Each rung of the ladder consists of a pair of chemical substances called bases.

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5
Q

What is gene?

A

A segment of DNA along the length of the chromosome

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6
Q

What is mitosis?

A

A unique feature of DNA that it can duplicate itself

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7
Q

What are gametes?

A

Sex cells - sperm and ovum

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8
Q

How are gametes formed?

A

Meiosis, which haves the number of chromosomes normally present in body cells.

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9
Q

What is the product of fertilisation?

A

Zygote

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10
Q

Which pair of chromosomes are sex chromosomes?

A

23rd

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11
Q

What is an allele?

A

Each form of a gene in the chromosome

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12
Q

What is dominant-recessive inheritance?

A

Only one allele affects the child’s characteristics - it is called dominant; the second allele is recessive

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13
Q

What is incomplete dominance?

A

When both alleles are expressed in the phenotype, resulting in a combined traits or one that is intermediate between the two

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14
Q

Who is more likely to be affected by X-linked inheritance?

A

Males are more likely to be affected because their sex chromosomes do not match

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15
Q

What is genomic imprinting?

A

When alleles are imprinted so that one pair member is activated regardless of its makeup

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16
Q

What is mutation?

A

A sudden but permanent change in a segment of DNA

17
Q

What is the age of viability?

A

The point at which the baby can first survive

18
Q

What is the Apgar scale used for?

A

To assess the baby’s physical condition

19
Q

What is the breech position?

A

Where the buttocks or feet will be delivered first

20
Q

What are preterm infants?

A

Born several weeks or more before their due date

21
Q

What are small-for-date infants?

A

Below their expected weight considering the length of the pregnancy

22
Q

What is gene-environmental interaction?

A

Because of their genetic makeup, individuals differ in their responsiveness to qualities of the environment

PL3104: Developmental Psychology (29 decks)

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