Chapter 12: Moral Development Flashcards
What is internalization in the context of moral development?
Internalization is the process by which children adopt societal norms and moral standards as their own, transitioning from external influences (e.g., parental discipline) to self-regulation. It involves integrating societal expectations into personal values and actions.
What is the definition of induction in the context of moral development?
Induction is a disciplinary technique where adults explain to children why a behavior is wrong and how it affects others. It helps children understand the moral reasons behind rules and promotes internalization of prosocial behaviors.
What is moral identity?
Moral identity refers to the degree to which being a moral person is central to an individual’s sense of self. It involves viewing morality as an important part of who they are and acting in alignment with moral values.
What does “construction” refer to in moral development theory?
“Construction” refers to the active process by which children build their moral understanding by interrelating multiple perspectives and experiences, rather than simply internalizing external rules.
What is heteronomous morality, according to Piaget?
Heteronomous morality (5-8 years) is the stage where children see rules as fixed, unchangeable, and handed down by authority figures, requiring strict obedience. They focus on the consequences of actions, rather than intent.
What does “realism” mean in the context of moral development?
Realism is the tendency to view rules and moral concepts as fixed, external features of reality, rather than flexible, cooperative principles that can change based on context or discussion.
What is the “morality of cooperation”?
The morality of cooperation refers to a stage where individuals begin to recognize the importance of mutual cooperation, fairness, and equal treatment in their moral reasoning, as opposed to merely following rules or avoiding punishment.
What is “ideal reciprocity” in moral development?
Ideal reciprocity is the moral principle where individuals treat others as they themselves would like to be treated, often referred to as the Golden Rule. It reflects a more advanced level of moral reasoning focused on fairness and mutual respect.
What characterizes the “preconventional level” of moral development?
The preconventional level of moral development is characterized by a morality focused on external consequences. Individuals make moral decisions based on avoiding punishment or gaining rewards, rather than adhering to societal rules or ethical principles.
What is the Conventional Level of moral reasoning?
Morality is based on maintaining social order and gaining approval from others.
Stage 3: Focus on being “good” to gain approval.
Stage 4: Emphasis on law, order, and duties within society.
What is the Postconventional Level of moral reasoning?
Morality is guided by abstract principles and personal ethical values.
Stage 5: Recognizes laws as flexible and based on societal needs.
Stage 6: Guided by universal moral principles, even if they conflict with laws.
What are moral imperatives?
Moral imperatives are rules that protect people’s rights and welfare. They focus on fairness, justice, and preventing harm (e.g., not stealing or hurting others).
What are social conventions?
Social conventions are agreed-upon standards or norms that ensure social order. They vary by culture and context (e.g., table manners, dress codes for formal events).
What are matters of personal choice?
Matters of personal choice are decisions that are up to the individual and do not harm others (e.g., choosing what to wear, hobbies, or hairstyles).
Compliance
The ability to follow adult requests or rules. It emerges in early childhood and forms the foundation for self-control.
