Chapter 7 - classical conditioning

Question 1

define learning:

Answer 1

a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience.

Question 2

define habituation:

Answer 2

repeated exposure to a stimulus decreases responsiveness.

ex. smell of pig poop over time!

Question 3

define sensitization:

Answer 3

exposure to an intense stimulus leads to an increased responsiveness.
ex. PTSD.

Question 4

What is the difference between reflexes and instincts?

Answer 4

reflexes = simple, automatic. don’t require brain use.

instincts = complex, inborn. do require brain use.

Question 5

define reflexes:

Answer 5

simple, automatic, involuntary response to environmental stimuli.

Question 6

define instincts:

Answer 6

complex, inborn pattern of behavior elicited by environmental stimuli.

Question 7

Difference between non-associative and associative learning?

Answer 7

non-associative: repeated exposure to a single stimulus alters the way an organism responds.
(habituation & sensitization)

associative: involves learning associations between two stimuli that precede a reflexive behavior.

Question 8

define classical conditioning:

Answer 8

type of learning in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a stimulus that automatically causes a reflexive behavior.

ONE THING LEADS TO ANOTHER.

Question 9

CS example:

Answer 9

ringing bell.

Question 10

US example:

Answer 10

dog food.

Question 11

UR example:

Answer 11

salivation.

Question 12

US and CS always stay the same. The CS (bell) does nothing before conditioning.

Answer 12

okay

Question 13

After conditioning, 
CS + US = UR 
turns into: 
CS = CR 
(bell) = (salivation)

Answer 13

Tyler, The Creator: “…okay….”

Question 14

CR example:

Answer 14

salivation!

Question 15

OH I GET IT NOW! The conditioned stimulus (CS) is the thing (The bell) that you want to cause a (CR) conditioned response (salivation).
Then, the US and UR are the pair that happen before the experiment begins.

Answer 15

nice!

Question 16

CONDITIONED RESPONSE:

define extinction:

Answer 16

reduction of a conditioned response after repeated non-pairing.

ex. at point where CS + US just turn to CS.

Question 17

CONDITIONED RESPONSE:
define spontaneous recovery:
(rest)

Answer 17

the reappearance of the conditioned response after a period of rest.

ex. Pavlov’s dog salivating after period of rest.

Question 18

CONDITIONED STIMULUS:
define generalization:
(similar)

Answer 18

tendency for CR to be elicited by stimuli that are similar to but not identical to the original CS.

ex. fear of flying insects from fear of bees.

Question 19

CONDITIONED STIMULUS:

define discrimination:

Answer 19

when you learn to tell the difference.

ex. Pavlov’s dogs telling difference between bell, bicycle ring, church bell, etc.

Question 20

What is second order conditioning?

Answer 20

It’s entirely possible for multiple stimuli to become conditioned at the same time.
ex. when exposed to horrible event, you become conditioned to multiple stimuli at once (song playing, smell of alcohol, cologne of person, etc.)

Question 21

What are phobias?

Answer 21

irrational fears.

Question 22

Describe John Watson’s experiment:
CS?
UR?
UR?

Answer 22

Little Albert! Loud noise made Albert fear a rat permanently.

CS: rat.
US: noise.
UR: fear.

Question 23

How is biological preparedness involved to conditioned emotional response and taste aversion?

Answer 23

Biological preparedness only need ONE single exposure! So food poising (taste aversion) and phobias.

Question 24

What is conditioned compensatory response?

Answer 24

over time we are able to take larger amounts of drugs/alcohol in a set environment or with set people.

Question 25

What is taste aversion?

Answer 25

food poisoning basically but AF > makes you sick just thinking about it, seeing it, smelling it.