Chapter 7 - classical conditioning Flashcards
1 - 10 on the MCS Ch.7
define learning:
a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience.
define habituation:
repeated exposure to a stimulus decreases responsiveness.
ex. smell of pig poop over time!
define sensitization:
exposure to an intense stimulus leads to an increased responsiveness.
ex. PTSD.
What is the difference between reflexes and instincts?
reflexes = simple, automatic. don’t require brain use.
instincts = complex, inborn. do require brain use.
define reflexes:
simple, automatic, involuntary response to environmental stimuli.
define instincts:
complex, inborn pattern of behavior elicited by environmental stimuli.
Difference between non-associative and associative learning?
non-associative: repeated exposure to a single stimulus alters the way an organism responds.
(habituation & sensitization)
associative: involves learning associations between two stimuli that precede a reflexive behavior.
define classical conditioning:
type of learning in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a stimulus that automatically causes a reflexive behavior.
ONE THING LEADS TO ANOTHER.
CS example:
ringing bell.
US example:
dog food.
UR example:
salivation.
US and CS always stay the same. The CS (bell) does nothing before conditioning.
okay
After conditioning, CS + US = UR turns into: CS = CR (bell) = (salivation)
Tyler, The Creator: “…okay….”
CR example:
salivation!
OH I GET IT NOW! The conditioned stimulus (CS) is the thing (The bell) that you want to cause a (CR) conditioned response (salivation).
Then, the US and UR are the pair that happen before the experiment begins.
nice!
CONDITIONED RESPONSE:
define extinction:
reduction of a conditioned response after repeated non-pairing.
ex. at point where CS + US just turn to CS.
CONDITIONED RESPONSE:
define spontaneous recovery:
(rest)
the reappearance of the conditioned response after a period of rest.
ex. Pavlov’s dog salivating after period of rest.
CONDITIONED STIMULUS:
define generalization:
(similar)
tendency for CR to be elicited by stimuli that are similar to but not identical to the original CS.
ex. fear of flying insects from fear of bees.
CONDITIONED STIMULUS:
define discrimination:
when you learn to tell the difference.
ex. Pavlov’s dogs telling difference between bell, bicycle ring, church bell, etc.
What is second order conditioning?
It’s entirely possible for multiple stimuli to become conditioned at the same time.
ex. when exposed to horrible event, you become conditioned to multiple stimuli at once (song playing, smell of alcohol, cologne of person, etc.)
What are phobias?
irrational fears.
Describe John Watson’s experiment:
CS?
UR?
UR?
Little Albert! Loud noise made Albert fear a rat permanently.
CS: rat.
US: noise.
UR: fear.
How is biological preparedness involved to conditioned emotional response and taste aversion?
Biological preparedness only need ONE single exposure! So food poising (taste aversion) and phobias.
What is conditioned compensatory response?
over time we are able to take larger amounts of drugs/alcohol in a set environment or with set people.
What is taste aversion?
food poisoning basically but AF > makes you sick just thinking about it, seeing it, smelling it.
