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Histology HTL Exam- BOC Study Guide > Chapter 7: Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

Glycogen is best shown with the demonstration of which stain?

A

PAS with or without diastase. The Diastase will dissolve glycogen and the lack thereof will just stain it.

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2
Q

What stain will demonstrate amyloid?

A

The Congo Red stain.

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3
Q

What does the Schiff reaction demonstrate?

A

Aldehydes.

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4
Q

What would be a good tissue type to use as a control for the Mayer mucicarmine stain?

A

Appendix or any type of tissue that shows an excess of goblet cells.

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5
Q

What would be a good tissue type to use as a control for glycogen?

A

Liver or also cervix.

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6
Q

To increase the specificity for amyloid, Congo red stains should be examined under what type of microscopy?

A

A polarizing microscope.

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7
Q

What is the best fixative for glycogen?

A

Absolute alcohol.

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8
Q

How is periodic acid used in the PAS technique?

A

Periodic acid oxidizes the aldehyde groups.

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9
Q

Why would a crystal violet stain be used for Amyloid?

A

It is a polychromatic stain and this would cause the amyloid to be very well visible under a polarized microscope.

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10
Q

Acid mucopolysaccharides are demonstrated by which stain?

A

Alcian blue.

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11
Q

The reliability of the PAS reaction may be checked by adding what to a small aliquot of the Schiffs reagent?

A

Formaldehyde, it should turn the Schiffs bright pink.

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12
Q

The fluorescent dye for the demonstration of amyloid is:

A

Thioflavin.

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13
Q

What does the Alcian blue stain performed at pH of 0 demonstrate?

A

Sulfated acid mucopolysaccharides ONLY.

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14
Q

What color will the substances stained positive during the colliodal iron stain be?

A

Blue.

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15
Q

How is Schiffs reagent created?

A

It is a reduced solution of basic fuchsin.

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16
Q

What does diastase digestion increase specificity for?

A

Glycogen because it is digested.

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17
Q

Colloidal iron is used for the demonstration of:

A

Acid mucopolysaccharides.

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18
Q

What is another way to demonstrate glycogen besides the PAS?

A

The Best Carmine stain.

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19
Q

Adjacent sections are stained with PAS, one with and one without diastase digestion. A positive on the one with no digestion and a negative on the diastase section indicates the presence of:

A

Glycogen, it is the only substance that is sensitive to diastase.

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20
Q

What kind of fungi is well demonstrated with the colloidal iron stain?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans because it has a mucinous capsule.

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21
Q

T/F: Glucose, sucrose and other oligopolysaccharides can be easily demonstrated in tissue sections.

A

False, they are extremely soluble.

22
Q

T/F: Hyaluronidase is used to digest some connective tissue mucins.

A

True.

23
Q

T/F: The Alcian blue stain should be performed at 1.5 pH.

A

False, the routine pH is 2.5

24
Q

T/F: Good Schiffs reagent should be light pink.

A

False, good Schiffs should be clear or straw colored.

25
Q

T/F: The end product in a colloidal iron is a Prussian blue.

A

True.

26
Q

T/F: Amyloid shows a yellow birefringence following staining with Congo Red.

A

False, it shows an apple green birefringence.

27
Q

T/F: Glutaraldehyde is one of the recommended fixatives for the PAS reaction.

A

False, it will react with the Schiffs creating a false positive.

28
Q

T/F: Pas may show a false positive following chromate-containing fixatives.

A

False, the PAS reaction will be weak.

29
Q

T/F: Glycogen-containing tissue fixed in Bouin solution may show resistance to diastase digestion.

A

True.

30
Q

T/F: The addition of acid to the crystal violet staining solution reduces background staining.

A

True.

31
Q

T/F: 4-6micron sections are recommended for crystal violet stains.

A

True.

32
Q

What structure is stained red in a Muci?

A

Goblet cells, specifically the mucin in them.

33
Q

No staining of the glomerular basement membrane can be seen microscopically on a control section of kidney. What happened?

A

Inadequate oxidation will cause a weak PAS reaction.

34
Q

Marked nonspecific staining is noted on a section stained with the PAS technique. This could be the result of:

A

Previous fixation in glutaraldehyde.

35
Q

Very weak staining is noted on a PAS stained control liver section. One problem solving action would be to:

A

Check a sample of Schiffs reagent with a few drops of formaldehyde to make sure that it still works.

36
Q

Sections of small intestine show orange goblet cells that are partially obscured by the yellow background. What happened?

A

The tissue was overstained with Metanil yellow.

37
Q

Control sections stained with Congo red only show yellow and no green birefringence. What happened?

A

The sections were cut too thin, they need to be cut between 8-10microns.

38
Q

Muscle that histologically contains cytoplasmic cross-striations and has multiple nuclei located at the edge of the fibers is classified as:

A

Skeletal muscle fibers.

39
Q

An effective counterstain following some silver impregnation procedures is:

A

Light green.

40
Q

The Fontana-Masson technique may be used to stain:

A

Melanin.

41
Q

What regressive staining is a method for demonstrating connective tissue component?

A

The Verhoeff-Van Gieson.

42
Q

What is the differentiating solution in the Holzer method for glial cells?

A

Aniline oil-chloroform.

43
Q

What staining procedure is preferred for demonstrating intracytoplasmic DNA-type viral inclusions in tissue?

A

The Feulgen stain.

44
Q

What is a solvent that is commonly used in oil red O and Sudan black B solutions to prevent the loss of lipids?

A

Propylene glycol.

45
Q

In the Verhoeff- van Gieson technique for demonstrating elastic fibers, how long should the staining solution be used?

A

It can be used for only a few hours before it has to be remade.

46
Q

A Ziehl-Neelsen procedure is done on a lung granuloma, but no acid-fast organisms are demonstrated. It would be wise to verify the absence of these organisms by using which stain?

A

The Truant auramine-rhodamine procedure.

47
Q

Microscopic inspection of a PAS stained control section for fungi reveals very palely stained fungal organisms. What happened?

A

The schiff reagent has been overused.

48
Q

What are some examples of natural dyes?

A

Hematoxylin, carmine and orcein.

49
Q

What is a chemical that will bleach melanin?

A

Potassium permanganate.

50
Q

Microscopic review of a section stained with the Warthin-Starry (Steiner) technique shows the spirochetes stained yellow. What happened?

A

Underdevelopment in the heated solution.

Histology HTL Exam- BOC Study Guide (15 decks)

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