Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology HTL Exam- BOC Study Guide > Chapter 14: Cytoprepatory Techniques > Flashcards

Chapter 14: Cytoprepatory Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

What is the the microscopic examination of individual cells and their morphology known as?

A

Cytology.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an example of a gynecologic cytology specimen?

A

Endocervical cells, cervical cells or vaginal cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What nongyn specimen deteriorates quickly (within 24 hours) and should either be brought to the lab immediately for cytoprep or placed in a solution?

A

Urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What fixative causes a different chromatin pattern for cytology fixation, making diagnosis difficult?

A

Formalin fixation should be avoided because it makes different chromatin patterns.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

For best fixation/ preservation of cyto smears, fixation should occur within what timeframe?

A

2 seconds or the slide will begin to airdry rapidly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

To prevent cells from drying after fixation, some commercial cytology spray fixatives add:

A

Polyethylene glycol can be added to provide a protective coating for the slide.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A sputum sample was obtained, homogenized and then centrifuged into a pellet. The best method of smear preparation from that pellet is:

A

Pull-apart smears.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Before staining, remove the Carbowax on slides that were fixed with a commercial fixative by soaking the slide in:

A

Alcohol, usually about a 10 minute soak in 95% alcohol will remove the Carbowax.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

To collect as many cells as possible from sparsely cellular urine, what should you do with the urine?

A

Spin it in the centrifuge to collect a pellet.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A method for obtaining specimens from superficial or deep organs is:

A

Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

After smears are prepared from the first drops of cellular material from an FNA, any residual material can be removed by rinsing the needle in what?

A

The initial drops from an FNA needle can be used to make pull part smears, the needle then can be rinsed in physiologic saline to recover any residual specimen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The pathologist wants to determine if enough cells were collected during FNA. The air dried slide can be stained with:

A

Diff-Quik staining can be used to determine specimen adequacy. The toluidine blue wet film method can be also used to determine cellularity during procedures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What cytoprep technique could have an IHC stain done on it without having to change IHC protocols?

A

Cell blocks because they can be processed as normal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are cell blocks usually fixed in?

A

Formalin for processing as normal tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Loose cellular material can usually be held together to make a cell block except for what kind of material?

A

Resin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What dyes are commonly found in the EA counterstain of the PAP stain”

A

Bismarck brown, Eosin Y and Light green SF yellowish.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What kind of hematoxylin does the PAP stain use?

A

Harris or Gill hematoxylin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the mordant in the OG-6 counterstain in the PAP stain?

A

Phototungstic acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Orange G in the PAP stain will demonstrate which component of the epithelial cells.

A

Tonofilaments in keratin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What cells will stain pink in the PAP stain?

A

Superficial squamous epithelial cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Metabolically inactive epithelial cells will be what color in the PAP stain?

A

Various shades of pink while the metabolically active epithelial cells will be blue-green.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The light green in the various EA formulations for PAP staining is very sensitive to:

A

Light.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What stain will show a metachromatic staining of cytology cells?

A

Toluidine blue will show this effect in unfixed cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

T/F: A false negative diagnosis can result from poor preparation of slides to be stained for cytology.

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

T/F: Most fresh nongyn specimens for cytological examination can be stored in a refrigerator for 24 to 48 hours without fixation.

A

True, except for urines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

T/F: Fixation of cytology cells while they are in liquid state produces flat cells that are spread out.

A

False, the cells will appear smaller and more dense.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

T/F: Cotton swabs should NOT be used to collect and smear cytology slides.

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

T/F: Conventional PAP tests provide good quality preparations for use with automated computer image analysis.

A

False, specimens that have been fixed in ThinPrep or Surepath should be used for computer analysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

T/F: Hematoxylin used in PAPs can only be used regressively.

A

False, they can be either progressive or regressive must like with routine H&E.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

T/F: Orange G stains keratinized cells.

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

A cytology smear shows cells that have nuclear swelling, loss of chromatin pattern and very pink cytoplasm. What happened?

A

The smears weren’t fixed immediately before staining.

32
Q

A smear prepared for cytological examination is obscured by RBCs. What can be added to the fixative to lyse RBCs?

A

Acetic acid.

33
Q

The edges of a cytology smear show cells that were distorted due to it being air dried. This is common if the smear technique was:

A

Feathered edge smears should be avoided because the diagnostic cells are pushed to the edge of the smear.

34
Q

A specimen of cyst fluid was centrifuged. The resulting sediment at the bottom of the tube had cells that were packed very dense. How could this have been prevented?

A

Decrease the speed of the centrifuge.

35
Q

A slide of breast fluid had the cells wash off during staining. To help the cells stay on next time:

A

A direct smear should have been made and sprayed quickly to avoid air drying.

36
Q

On a PAP stain, no cells are seen with pink cytoplasm, instead, the cytoplasm is all blue-green. How can this be corrected in the future?

A

Decreasing the time in the rinse water.

37
Q

After staining smears with the PAP stain, the cells do not look crisp pink and blue green, but rather a dirty blend of colors. What happened?

A

The alcohols in the stain line need to be changed more often.

38
Q

What is the primary dye used in a rapid, non-silver staining procedure to demonstrate H. Pylori?

A

The azure eosin used in the Rowanovsky procedure.

39
Q

What are the EA solutions used in cytologic staining?

A

Light green, eosin Y and phosphotungstic acid.

40
Q

In the Bodian technique, Protargol impregnates both neurofibrils and connective tissue. Subsequently, connective tissue is rendered colorless by the replacement of silver with:

A

Copper (this is called the copper stain at work).

41
Q

In the Feulgen reaction for nucleic acids, why are slides placed in 1N Hcl?

A

To promote Hydrolysis.

42
Q

What is the GMS silver method used to demonstrate?

A

Urates.

43
Q

How are Avidin-biotin methods used?

A

ICH staining.

44
Q

What color will the Schmorl method stain reducing substances?

A

Blue as a result of the Turnbull blue reaction.

45
Q

Microscopic evaluation of a Giemsa stained bone marrow reveals very poor nuclear staining and very little cytoplasmic differentiation. This is most likely the result of:

A

An improper pH.

46
Q

What is the component in the nucleus that stains very strongly with basic dyes?

A

Chromatins.

47
Q

What is the nerve process that carries electrical impulses away from the cell body?

A

Axons.

48
Q

What are the differentiating agents in the Luxol fast blue procedure for myelin?

A

Lithium carbonate and 70% alcohol.

49
Q

What color are muscle fibers stained in the Masson trichrome method?

A

Muscle fibers are stained red.

50
Q

What is the most sensitive solution for detecting copper in tissue?

A

The rhodanine method.

51
Q

What is the molecule that produces an immune response in animals?

A

Ag.

52
Q

What chemical functions as an oxidizer?

A

Potassium permanganate.

53
Q

What is the most commonly used dye solution for staining Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A

Basic fuchsin and phenol.

54
Q

Ammonia water, lithium carbonate solution and Scott tap water substitute are all examples of:

A

Bluing agents. We use Ammonia water in at work.

55
Q

What are the two cytoplasmic stains used in the Pap stain?

A

The OG-6 and the EA.

56
Q

What is the differentiating solution in the Brown-Hopps stain?

A

Gallego solution.

57
Q

What color do elastic fibers stain in the VVG stain?

A

Blue-black to black.

58
Q

What is the most commonly used chemical for reducing absorbed silver to a visible metallic state in argyrophil procedures such as the Warthin-Starry or Steiner?

A

Hydroquinone.

59
Q

When excessive melanin deposition interfered with examination of cellular morphology, melanin pigment can be removed by bleaching a section with:

A

Potassium permanganate.

60
Q

The term “agentaffin” denotes a reaction wherein cells have the ability to reduce a salt of:

A

Silver.

61
Q

How can the selectivity by Harris hematoxylin be increased?

A

By adding aluminum salts.

62
Q

A stained section mounted with a synthetic resin appears cloudy. What happened?

A

The mounting medium has become too thick from the evaporation of solvent.

63
Q

Filamentous structures known as “hyphae” are associated with what microorganism?

A

Some types of fungi.

64
Q

What is the light chain found in some types of Ab?

A

Lambda.

65
Q

What kind of bone is characterized by a network of bony trabeculae separated by interconnecting bone marrow spaces?

A

Cencellous bone.

66
Q

What is the oxidizer in Snook and Laidlaw methods for demonstrating reticulin?

A

Potassium permaganate.

67
Q

What is the main property of “Acid-fast” bacteria?

A

The acid fastness of some bacteria seems to be related to the lipid content of their cell wall.

68
Q

What is a method sometimes used for increasing the diffusion rate of dye molecules and thereby increasing the rate of staining.

A

Increasing the dye solution’s temperature, like with the Iron.

69
Q

What connective tissue component is considered sudanophilic?

A

Adipose cells.

70
Q

How is alkaline phosphate used in some IHC stains?

A

The enzyme label.

71
Q

What is a technique for demonstrating calcium wherein sections immersed in silver nitrate are exposed to bright light?

A

The Von Kossa technique, you have to cook it in the sun for several hours.

72
Q

What are glial fibers stained with in the Holzer method?

A

Crystal violet.

73
Q

What are nissl substances predominately composed of?

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum.

74
Q

How long is aldehyde fuchsin to be used for elastic stained generally stable for?

A

3 to 4 weeks if stored at 4C.

75
Q

What is a possible cause for poor Gomori aldehyde fuchsin staining?

A

the dye was not the correct color index.

Histology HTL Exam- BOC Study Guide (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions