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Histology HTL Exam- BOC Study Guide > Chapter 11: Pigments, Minerals and Cytoplasmic Granules > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Pigments, Minerals and Cytoplasmic Granules Flashcards

1
Q

In the Prussian Blue reaction for Iron, the incubating system uses:

A

Potassium ferrocyanide and dilute HCl (same with our Iron stain in lab).

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2
Q

A method recommended for demonstrating argentaffin granules (ex. in carcinoid tumors) is the:

A

The Fontana Masson, both for silver-binding molecules and for seeing how silver reduces to its metallic form.

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3
Q

What is a stain that can be used to demonstrate Calcium?

A

The Von Kossa with silver nitrate, even though it is an indirect method.

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4
Q

What pigment will reduce silver?

A

The formalin pigment is a reducing substance and may give a false positive with the Von Kossa and the Schmorl techniques.

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5
Q

What is a stain that will demonstrate urate crystals?

A

The methenamine silver technique.

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6
Q

A reducing or developing solution is used in which stain?

A

The Churukian-Shenk technique.

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7
Q

What does the Churukian-Shenk technique demonstrate?

A

Argyrophil granules.

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8
Q

What is Rhodanine used to demonstrate?

A

Copper.

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9
Q

An aid to the definite identification of anthracotic pigment is the:

A

Insolubility in concentrated sulfuric acid.

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10
Q

When the content of tissue is to be examined by microincineration, the recommended fixative would be:

A

A non-aqueous fixative, such as formalin alcohol.

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11
Q

Argentaffin granules present in cells of the GI tract are best preserved with which fixative?

A

10% NBF.

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12
Q

The end-product in the Prussian blue reaction is:

A

Ferric ferrocyanide.

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13
Q

The Turnbull stain is used for the detection of:

A

Ferrous iron.

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14
Q

Red blood cells are very eosinophilic because:

A

Their high content of hemoglobin stains well with acid dyes.

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15
Q

Why should alcoholic fixatives not be used for argentaffin granules?

A

Because they are soluble in alcohol.

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16
Q

Melanin can be demonstrated with the:

A

The Schmorl reaction.

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17
Q

A good control for the Schmorl technique would be:

A

Small intestine.

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18
Q

The end product in the Schmorl reaction is:

A

Turnbull blue.

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19
Q

Why is small intestine a good control for the Schmorl technique?

A

Because of its high concentration of argentaffin cells.

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20
Q

The preferred fixative for the Churukian-Shenk technique would be:

A

NBF.

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21
Q

A tissue frequently used as a control for the Fontana-Masson technique is:

A

Skin.

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22
Q

Why is skin commonly used as a control for the Fontana-Masson technique?

A

Because of the high melanin granule content.

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23
Q

In the Hall technique, bilirubin is oxidized to biliverdin by:

A

Fouchet reagent.

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24
Q

In the Grimelius technique, what substances will be demonstrated?

A

Substances that can bind to silver but need a chemical reducer.

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25
Q

What are argyrophil substances?

A

Substances that can bind to silver but that need a chemical reducer to do so.

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26
Q

What is the preferred fixative for the Fontana-Masson technique?

A

NBF.

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27
Q

What is a good tissue for the Grimelius technique?

A

Small intestine.

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28
Q

The Churukian-Shenk technique will demonstrate substances that:

A

Substances that bind to silver but that need a reducing agent (argyrophilic)

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29
Q

An argentaffin substance that is present in some tissues is:

A

Melanin.

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30
Q

The control for the Hall stain must contain:

A

Bile pigment.

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31
Q

How can urate crystals be visualized?

A

By using polarized light.

32
Q

What is a good control tissue for iron?

A

Spleen.

33
Q

Fouchet reagent is used for the demonstration of:

A

Bile pigments.

34
Q

The preferred fixative for a gouty trophus would be:

A

Absolute alcohol.

35
Q

The Fontana-Masson technique will demonstrate substances that can:

A

Both bind and reduce silver.

36
Q

Pigment lying on top of the tissue is most likely:

A

Artifact.

37
Q

Polarized light can be used to assist in the identification of what pigment:

A

Formalin pigment because it is not birefringent.

38
Q

Bile will be stained emerald green in which stain?

A

The Hall technique.

39
Q

A good control for the Lindquist rhodanine technique is fetal:

A

Liver.

40
Q

A substance that can both bind and reduce silver is called:

A

Argentaffin substances.

41
Q

The Schmorl technique demonstrates substances that are known as:

A

Reducing substances.

42
Q

Methenamine silver is often used in the demonstration of:

A

Urates.

43
Q

Melanin present in tissue can be bleached with the use of:

A

Potassium permanganate.

44
Q

Chromaffin granules are often found in what kind of tissue?

A

The cells of the adrenal gland.

45
Q

What is a breakdown product of hemoglobin?

A

Bile.

46
Q

Sections of bone marrow reveal no iron stores when stained with the Prussian blue. What happened?

A

The tissue was likely decalcified with a strong acid.

47
Q

When viewed with a light microscope, a 5 micron section from tissue from a gouty trophus fails to reveal anything when the Gomori stain is used. What happened?

A

The tissue was not fixed in absolute alcohol.

48
Q

Sections of skin stained with the Fontana-Masson show dark black melanosomes and dirty gray staining of both the squamous epithelium and collagen. What happened?

A

Prolonged incubation in the silver solution.

49
Q

A section of ileum stained with the Fontana-Masson shows a marked black precipitate on top of the section. What happened?

A

The glassware was not chemically cleaned.

50
Q

A section of ileum stained with the Grimelius technique does not demonstrate any positively stained cells. What happened?

A

The developer used was too old.

51
Q

When viewed with the light microscope, a 5 micron section from tissue known to contain a gouty trophus fails to reveal any staining with the methenamine silver. The presence of the trophus would be verified using what kind of microscope?

A

A polarizing light microscope.

52
Q

Control sections stained with the Prussian blue reaction shows diffuse blue staining, and the solution is also blue. What happened?

A

The staining jar was likely contaminated.

53
Q

On x-ray, a breast biopsy revealed areas of microcalcification. Multiple sections of the parrafin embedded tissue stained with H&E and Von-Kossa fail to demonstrate these areas. What happened?

A

The tissue was likely fixed in Bouin which would remove these calficications.

54
Q

Sections of fetal liver were cut at 3 microns, stained with rhodamine for 18 hours at 37C and then counterstained with Mayer hematoxylin. Very light copper can be seen when the slides are examined microscopically. What happened?

A

The sections were cut too thin, they should be cut at 6-9 microns.

55
Q

In her clinical studies, a student has prepared Fouchet reagent with acetic acid and ferric chloride for the demonstration of bile. Microscopic examination of the stained slides reveals a negative result. What happened?

A

The Fouchet reagent should have been prepared with ferric chloride and trichloroacetic acid.

56
Q

What section type would a stain for simple lipids be performed on?

A

Frozen sections.

57
Q

What is the toughest connective tissue fiber?

A

Collagen.

58
Q

What is the only hematogenous pigment found in normal rbcs?

A

Hemoglobin.

59
Q

What method involves the use of the reduction of ferrous ions followed by the precipitation with the Turnbull blue reaction?

A

The Schmorl technique.

60
Q

In the Gomori aldehyde fuchsin technique, what color are the elastic fibers stained?

A

Violet-purple.

61
Q

What special stain can demonstrate urate crystals?

A

The modified GMS.

62
Q

What is a method that will selectively stain astrocytes in frozen sections?

A

The Cajal gold sublimate technique.

63
Q

What is an argyrophil stain that will demonstrate both neurofibrils and neurosecretory granules?

A

The Sevier-Munger technique.

64
Q

What is another name for agentaffin cells?

A

Endocrine cells or Kulchitsky cells.

65
Q

What acts as the differentiating agent in the Verhoeff-Van Gieson (VVG)?

A

Ferric chloride.

66
Q

What is the staining mechanism in which metallic substances are selectively deposited on structures and made visible by the reduction of that metal?

A

The impregnation method.

67
Q

Entamoeba histolytica can be demonstrated by the use of which stain?

A

The PAS stain.

68
Q

In the Gomori 1-step trichrome stain (on the automatic machine, but not our trichrome), what color does the collagen stain?

A

Collagen stains green.

69
Q

In humans, nonkeritanizing stratified squamous epithelium is found covering and lining what organ?

A

The esophagus.

70
Q

What stain works really well on the cytoplasmic granules in connective tissue mast cells?

A

Toludine blue, but the Giemsa works as well.

71
Q

What is the counterstain for the VVG?

A

It contains picric acid, but is formally called the VVG working solution.

72
Q

What are the granules found in cells of the adrenal medulla that are preserved ONLY when fixed in Orth solution?

A

Chromaffin cells.

73
Q

Microscopic evaluation of an H&E stained brain section reveals basophilic material in the cytoplasm of the neurons. What is this material?

A

The rough endoplasmic material of cells, specifically all of the ribosomes in it.

74
Q

What technique is a modified Bodian technique that uses an NBF impregnating solution to increase the specificity of the stain?

A

The Holmes technique.

75
Q

What stain is dependent on differences of bacterial cell wall for differential staining?

A

The Gram stain.

Histology HTL Exam- BOC Study Guide (15 decks)

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