Chapter 15: Laboratory Informatics Flashcards
What does LIS stand for?
Laboratory Information System.
Where is the initial access point in the anatomic pathology lab to a patient record?
Accessioning and order entry.
What is a long sequence of lines of different widths that holds alphabetical or numeric data?
A 1-D or a linear barcode.
A square print pattern barcode is also known as:
A 2-D barcode.
What are the benefits of electronic procedure manuals?
Ease of updating, alerts for all updates needed and electronic security.
What does HIS stand for?
Healthcare Informatics Systems.
In 1996, what act mandated the privacy and security of patient information?
HIPPA.
How many unique patient identifiers should a specimen have?
2.
T/F: A patient’s electronic health record may be accessed to add or review data by physicians only.
False, they can be accessed by multiple healthcare professionals.
T/F: Dark color cassettes demonstrate a frequent barcode scan failure.
True, that’s why we use lighter colors.
T/F: Advances in middleware or LIS functionality have allowed laboratories to establish an electronic chain of custody of patient specimens.
True.
T/F: The scanning of barcodes at each work station decreases specimen mix-ups.
True.
T/F: Patient demographics are maintained by HIPPA.
False, they’re maintained by HIS.
T/F: A patient’s electronic medical record changes with each hospital visit.
False.
T/F: The scanning of barcodes at each workstation can assist a manager to determine the productivity of each employee.
True.
T/F: Pathologists are not able to order add-on testing through the LIS.
False, they are ordered in LIS so they can be ordered in real time.
What will Agentaffin procedures stain for?
Melanin, formalin pigment and enterochromaffin cells will all stain.
What is the term for a dye solution that is made colorless by reduction, used for the identification of specific tissue components then reoxidized to restore the original color?
Leucofuchsin.
Define chromatolysis in relation to neurons.
The loss of Nissl substances in those neurons.
In silver impregnation methods, how is gold chloride used?
It is used as a toner.
What is a staining method for distinguishing muscle, elastic fibers, collagen, fibrin and mucin?
The Movat pentachrome stain.
What are the cells responsible for the production of connective tissue fibers?
Fibroblasts.
Why should drying of the slide after the carbol fuchsin step be avoided when staining for acid-fast bacteria?
It would cause complete discoloration of organisms.
What is the process by which the mineral content of tissues can be studied following the removal of organic tissue components?
Microincineration.
Insoluble compounds that resist decolorization with ether acetone are noted on microscopic evaluation of a control section with the Brown Hopps stain. Why is this?
The sections were not allowed to dry during staining.
In staining methods for demonstrating reticulin, how do potassium permanganate, phophoromolybdic acid and periodic acid function?
They all function as oxidizers.
How can phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin solutions be ripened for immediate use?
By adding potassium permaganate to oxidize it.
What are two eosinophilic tissue compounds that can be difficult to distinguish?
Collagen and muscle, a trichrome is ordered to distinguish between the two.
In what organ are small amounts of ferric ions usually found?
The spleen.
What is the color range seen in the Rowanowsky stain a result of:
The combination of the derivatives of methylene blue and eosin.
What is the major disadvantage of using crystal violet for the demonstration of amyloid?
The preparation is not permanent.
A tissue has been fixed in NBF. To achieve optimum results with the Mallory PTAH stain, how should the microscope section be treated?
IT should be mordanted with either Zenker or Bouin solution.
When checking a control slide stained with Luxol fast blue, there should be a sharp differentiation between what two types of cells?
The gray and white matter.
When will you yield the best results from a PTAH staining solution procedure?
The staining solution should be ripened naturally.
What is a good example of a hydrophobic mounting medium?
Synthetic resins.
How are spirochetes in fixed tissue best demonstrated?
By metallic impregnation.
Sections stained with oil-soluble dyes must be mounted in what kind of media?
They must be mounted in a medium that will not dissolve the lipids.
How does HCL react with DNA in the Feulgen reaction?
It creates aldehyde groups.
Tissue from what organ should be selected as a control for the Alcian blue?
Colon, we use small bowel at work.
Sections were stained using the microwave oven. The tissue at the top of the slide stained darker then the bottom portion. What happened?
The solution hadn’t been adequately agitated.
What is the purpose of diastase in the PAS stain?
Diastase is used to remove glycogen.
What is the main component demonstrated in a section stained with Luxol fast blue and counterstained with cresyl violet?
Nissl substance.
An alcian blue stain at 2.5 pH has been requested, but no alcian blue is available. What procedure could be performed instead?
The colloidal iron could be performed instead.
How does borax ferricyanide differentiate the tissue in the Weil stain?
Oxidation.
How is regressive hematoxylin staining defined?
The desired element is first overstained, then differentiated, we do this at work with our routine H&E stainer.
What stain may be used to demonstrate glycogen, polysaccharides and glycoproteins?
The PAS stain.
A fresh solution of equal parts HCl and potassium ferrocyanide gives a positive reaction with what stain?
The Iron stain.
What kind of reaction can a tissue fixed in Bouin solution NOT work with?
The Feulgen reaction.
What procedure would be selected for the demonstration of axons?
The Bodian stain.
What is a dye lake?
A mordant in combination with a dye.
