Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology of Behaviour > Chapter 7: Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses Flashcards

1
Q

3 primary functions of hearing or audition.

A

To detect sounds
To determine the location of their sources
To recognize the identity of these sources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Determined by the frequency of vibration.

A

Pitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cycles per second.

A

Hertz (Hz)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A function of intensity; the degree to which the compressions and expansions of air differ from each other.

A

Loudness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Provides information about the nature of the particular sound

A

Timbre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Consists of a small hollow region behind the tympanic membrane.

A

Middle ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bones of the middle ear which are set into vibration by the tympanic membrane.

A

Ossicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Connects with the tympanic membrane and transmits vibrations via the incus and stapes to the cochlea.

A

Malleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The structure in the ear that contains the receptors.

A

Cochlea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The opening in the bone surrounding the
cochlea.

A

Oval window

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Greek word that Cochlea came from; means “land snail”.

A

Kokhlos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

3 sections of cochlea.

A

Scala vestibuli
Scala media
Scala tympani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Consists of the basilar membrane, the hair cells, and the tectorial membrane.

A

Organ of Corti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Auditory receptor cells.

A

Hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A flexible membrane-covered opening; allows the fluid inside the cochlea to move back and forth.

A

Round window

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Involved in altering the mechanical characteristics of the basilar membrane and thus influencing the effects of sound vibrations on the inner hair cells.

A

Effector cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Elastic filaments that links adjacent cilia to each other.

A

Tip links

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Points of attachment.

A

Insertional plaques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A bundle of axons of bipolar neurons that send auditory information to the brain.

A

Cochlear nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where the cell bodies of the bipolar neurons reside.

A

Cochlear nerve ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A group of nuclei in the medulla.

A

Superior olivary complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A large fiber bundle where the axons of neurons in those nuclei pass through.

A

Lateral lemniscus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The end toward the oval window, which responds to the highest frequencies.

A

Basal end of the basilar membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The end farther from the oval window,
which responds to the lowest frequencies

A

Apical end of the basilar membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The relationship between cortex and basilar membrane.

A

Tonotopic representation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Contains the primary auditory cortex; actually consists of three regions, each of which receives a separate tonotopic map of auditory information from the ventral division from
the medial geniculate nucleus.

A

Core region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

First level of auditory association cortex, surrounds the primary auditory cortex, much as the extrastriate cortex surrounds the primary visual (striate) cortex

A

Belt region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Highest level of auditory association cortex; receives information from the belt region and from the divisions of the medial geniculate
nucleus that also project to the belt region.

A

Parabelt region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

2 streams of extrastriate cortex

A

Dorsal stream
Ventral stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Ends in the parietal cortex; involved in perception of location (“where”).

A

Dorsal stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Ends in the inferior temporal cortex; involved in perception of form (“what”).

A

Ventral stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

2 streams of auditory association cortex.

A

Anterior stream
Posterior stream

33
Q

Begins in the anterior parabelt region; involved with analysis of complex sounds.

A

Anterior stream

34
Q

Begins in the posterior parabelt region; involved with sound localization.

A

Posterior stream

35
Q

Detects some frequencies of sound waves.

A

Place code

36
Q

Devices that are used to restore hearing in people with deafness caused by damage to the hair cells.

A

Cochlear implants

37
Q

Corresponds to the perceived pitch of the note.

A

Fundamental frequency

38
Q

Frequencies of complex tones that occur at multiples of the fundamental frequency.

A

Overtones

39
Q

The horizontal (left or right) angle of the source of the sound relative to the midline of our body.

A

Azimuth

40
Q

Refer to the simultaneous arrival, at each ear, of different portions (phases) of the oscillating sound wave.

A

Phase differences

41
Q

It responds only if it received signals simultaneously from synapses belonging to both sets of axons.

A

Coincidence detector

42
Q

Loss of the ability to perceive or produce melodic or rhythmic aspects of music.

A

Amusia

43
Q

Functions include balance, maintenance of the head in an upright position, and adjustment of eye movement to compensate for head movements.

A

Vestibular system

44
Q

Respond to the force of gravity and inform the
brain about the head’s orientation.

A

Vestibular sacs

45
Q

Respond to angular acceleration—changes in the rotation of the head—but not to steady rotation.

A

Semicircular canals

46
Q

2 vestibular sacs.

A

Utricle (“little pouch”)
Saccule (“little sack”)

47
Q

An enlargement that contains the organ in which the sensory receptors reside.

A

Ampulla

48
Q

A gelatinous mass which blocks part of the ampulla.

A

Cupula

49
Q

Small crystals of calcium carbonate.

A

Otoconia

50
Q

The vestibular system exerts direct control on eye movement to compensate for the sudden head movements.

A

Vestibulo-ocular reflex

51
Q

The most studied of the somatosenses and include several submodalities commonly referred to as touch; provide information from the surface of the body

A

Cutaneous senses (skin senses)

52
Q

Provide information about location of body in space.

A

Proprioception

53
Q

Provide information about movement of body though space.

A

Kinesthesia

54
Q

Provide information from in and around internal organs.

A

Organic senses

55
Q

Smooth, hairless skin of the palms and the soles of the feet.

A

Glabrous skin

56
Q

Detection of form and roughness, especially by fingertips

A

Merkel’s disks

57
Q

Detection of static force against skin; skin stretching; proprioception.

A

Ruffini corpuscles

58
Q

Detection of edge contours; Braille-like stimuli, especially by fingertips.

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

59
Q

Detection of vibration; information from end of elongated object being
held, such as tool.

A

Pacinian corpuscles

60
Q

The encapsulated receptors and some types of free nerve endings; detects stimuli that cause vibration in the skin or changes in pressure against it.

A

Mechanoreceptors

61
Q

Detectors of noxious stimuli.

A

Nociceptors

62
Q

An unpleasant sensation that elicits the desire or reflex to scratch.

A

Itch (pruritus)

63
Q

A condition of itching that sometimes
accompanies pregnancy.

A

Cholestatic pruritus

64
Q

Nodules that are formed by the cut ends of the proximal portions form.

A

Neuromas

65
Q

Six qualities of taste.

A

Bitterness
Sourness
Sweetness
Saltiness
Umami
Fat

66
Q

People who lack the sense of smell.

A

Anosmia

67
Q

A Japanese word that means “good
taste”; refers to the taste of monosodium glutamate (MSG).

A

Umami

68
Q

An enzyme that is found in the vicinity of taste buds; ensures that fatty acid detectors are stimulated when food containing fat enters the mouth.

A

Lingual lipase

69
Q

Small protuberances of the tongue.

A

Papillae

70
Q

Located on the anterior two thirds of the tongue, contain up to eight taste buds, along
with receptors for pressure, touch, and temperature.

A

Fungiform papillae

71
Q

Consist of up to eight parallel folds along each edge of the back of the tongue.

A

Foliate papillae

72
Q

Arranged in an inverted V on the posterior third of the tongue, contain approximately 250 taste buds.

A

Circumvallate papillae

73
Q

A branch of the seventh cranial nerve (facial nerve) where the information from the anterior part of the tongue travels through.

A

Chorda tympani

74
Q

A chemical sense that helps us to identify food
and avoid food that has spoiled and is unfit to eat.

A

Olfaction

75
Q

Lie at the base of the brain on the ends of the stalklike olfactory tracts.

A

Olfactory bulbs

76
Q

Does a phenomenal job of analyzing vibrations the
reach our ear.

A

Auditory system

77
Q

Helps direct sound waves to the auditory receptors.

A

Anatomy of the ear

78
Q

Where sound is being funneled.

A

Pinna (external ear)

Physiology of Behaviour (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions