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Human Anatomy > chapter 7- articulations > Flashcards

chapter 7- articulations Flashcards

1
Q

a _____ is the place where a bone meets:

  • another bone
  • cartilage
  • teeth
A

articulation (or joint)

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2
Q

articulations vary in their_____ and _____

A

stability and mobility

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3
Q

to vary from immobile to wide range of motion

A

mobility

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4
Q

articular shape affects mobility and stability

A

stability

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5
Q

what are the 3 structural joint classes?

A
  1. fibrous
  2. cartilaginous
  3. synovial
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6
Q

this structural joint is bones separated by fluid

A

synovial

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7
Q

this structural joint is bones held together by collagen fibers

A

fibrous

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8
Q

this structural joint is bones held together by cartilage

A

cartilaginous

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9
Q

fibrous joints lack what structure?

A

joint cavity

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10
Q

this fibrous joint is immobile and adjacent bones held together by short collagen fibers-begin by being wider apart or as fontanels

A

sutures

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11
Q

this fibrous joint is slightly mobile, bones held together by interosseous ligament

A

membrane between bones (syndesmoses)

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12
Q

this fibrous joint is generally immobile

A

teeth (gomphosis)

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13
Q

this type of cartilaginous joint is temporary during development and disappears when epiphysis fused to diaphysis

A

epiphyseal plate (synchondrosis)

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14
Q

this type of cartilaginous joint resists movement in males and nonpregnant females and is influenced by hormones during pregnancy

A

pubic symphysis

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15
Q

this type of cartilaginous joint has little movement between adjacent bones and the entire structure is quite mobile

A

intervertebral symphysis

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16
Q

this type of synovial joint has one axis of rotation

A

uniaxial

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17
Q

joints in the fingers and toes

A

hinge joints

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18
Q

joints that pronation and supination of forearm

A

pivot joints

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19
Q

this type of synovial joint has 2 axes of rotation

A

biaxial joints

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20
Q

the joint that allows the wrist to move in 2 different directions

A

condyloid joints

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21
Q

what joints have same movements but different shape to articulating surface

A

saddle joints

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22
Q

joints that have more then 2 axes of rotation

A

multiaxial joints

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23
Q

joints of the shoulder and hips, cup shaped sockets

A

ball and socket joints

24
Q

joints with no identifiable axis of rotation that allow slight gliding movements in many directions

A

gliding joints

25
Q

what is the difference between flexion and extension?

A 
flexion = movement that decreases joint angle
extension = movement that increases joint angle
26
Q

what is the difference between abduction and adduction?

A 
abduction = movement away from midline
adduction = movement towards midline
27
Q

what is the difference between pronation and supination?

A 
pronation = palm facing anterior 
supination = palm facing posterior (crossing of the radius and ulna)
28
Q

what is the difference between depression and elevation?

A 
elevation = moving upwards (superiorly)
depression  = moving downwards (inferiorly)
29
Q

what is the difference between dorsiflexion and plantar flexion?

A

dorsiflexion =moves the dorsum of the foot from anatomical position toward the leg
plantar flexion =equivalent of extension, moves the plantar surface (sole) of the foot in an inferior direction, as in standing on the toes

30
Q

what is the difference between protraction and retraction?

A 
protraction = movement in anterior direction
retraction = movement in the posterior direction
31
Q

this is the only moveable joint in the skull and is relatively easy to dislocate

A

temporomandibular joint (jaw)

  • only the mandible moves
  • easy to dislocate because it is shallow
32
Q

this ball and socket joint is formed by the head of humerus and glenoid fossa of scapula

  • most freedom of movement than any other joint
  • strengthened by ligaments and rotator cuff muscles
A

glenohumeral joint (shoulder)

33
Q

why is it common to dislocate the shoulder?

A

socket is quite shallow

- head of humerus usually displaced inferiorly

34
Q

this refers to the injury of the acromioclavicular joint

A

separated shoulder

-clavicle separated from scapula

35
Q

these 2 joints are the trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear (semilunar) notch of the ulna and the capitulum of the humerus and head of radius
- which one of these is prone to dislocation?

A

humeroulnar and humeroradial joints (elbow)

  • dislocation of radial head most common (caused by swinging children with outstretched arms)
36
Q

this condition is pain experienced near lateral epicondyle of humerus, caused by aggravation to extensor muscles

A

tennis elbow

37
Q

this is a ball and socket joint formed by the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the pelvis (allows for wide range of movement)

A

hip joint

38
Q

what is the difference between the shoulder and hip joints?

A

hip joint is much more stable because:

  • depth of acetabulum
  • extensive muscles and ligaments holding it in place
39
Q

this is one of the most common bone fractures among the elderly, and arthritis is a contributing factor

A

hip fracture

40
Q

this is the most complex joint of the entire body and it consists of 3 separate joints in one synovial cavity

A

tibiofemoral joint (knee)

41
Q

this knee injury often results from blow to lateral side of leg when leg is stationary
- common in football

A

ACL tear

42
Q

this knee injury often associated with ACL damage

A

meniscus tear

43
Q

this knee injury is the displacement of tibia relative to the femur

A

dislocated knee

44
Q

what is the joints within the knee capsule?

A

patellofemoral joint - protection and improves stability and movement
tibiofemoral joints - lateral and medial movement

45
Q

a hinge joints that forms from the tibia, fibula, and talus and is unique in that various soft tissues go from vertical to horizontal orientation

A

talocrural joint (ankle)

46
Q

this is the most frequent injury in a joint in the body

A

ankle sprain

47
Q

type of arthritis that is the most common, resulting from wear and tear

A

osteoarthritis

48
Q

this type of arthritis is also very common and results from an autoimmune disease

A

rheumatoid arthritis

49
Q

this type of arthritis is caused by high levels of uric acid and results in the formation of crystals in synovial membranes

A

gouty arthritis

50
Q

this is inflammation of the fluid-filled sac (bursa) that lies between a tendon and skin, or between a tendon and bone

A

bursitis

51
Q

this is inflammation of the tendon where muscle attaches to bone

A

tendonitis

52
Q

what is luxation

A

dislocation

53
Q

what is subluxation

A

partial dislocation

54
Q

an injury of stretching or partial tearing of the ligament reinforcing a joint and often heals slowly

A

sprains

55
Q

injury of joints severely damaged (injury or disease) may have to be replaced (most common in hips, knees and shoulders)

A

arthroplasty

Human Anatomy (8 decks)

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