Chapter 4 - Bones

Question 1

What are the 6 mains functions of bones?

Answer 1

1. Support - weight of body
2. Protection - brain, heart, vertebrae
3. Assist movement - with muscular system
4. Mineral homeostasis- control blood levels of calcium and phosphorous
5. Blood cell production- HEMOPOSISIS occurs in some bones
6. Triglyceride storage - important energy source

Question 2

this type of bone are longer then they are wide (tibia)

Answer 2

long bones

Question 3

this type of bones do not fit into any other categories (vertebrae)

Answer 3

irregular bones

Question 4

this type of bones are equally long and wide (bones of the wrist)

Answer 4

short bones

Question 5

this type of bone are thin, broad and commonly curved (skull)

Answer 5

flat bones

Question 6

this type of bone are specialized bones found within tendons (patella)

Answer 6

sesamoid

Question 7

What structures make up bones?

Answer 7

nerves, blood vessels and cartilage

Question 8

One of the 2 major tissue types of bone that is the major structural and supportive CT in the body

Answer 8

osseous tissue (bone tissue)

Question 9

One of the 2 major tissue types of bone that contains the yellow marrow (fat storage) and red marrow (blood cell production)

Answer 9

marrow tissue

Question 10

What is compact bone?

Answer 10

solid and relatively dense bone that is found on external surfaces of all bones

Question 11

What is spongy bone? (trabecular bone)

Answer 11

internal surface of bones, inside head and neck regions

-resembles a sponge

Question 12

This is surface feature of bone that meets another structure
- facets, fovea, fossa, groove (sulcus)

Answer 12

depressions

Question 13

this is a surface feature in bone that allows blood vessels, nerves, or something else to pass thru
-canal (meatus), fissure, foramen, fenestra

Answer 13

openings

Question 14

this surface feature of bones allows for attachment of muscles, tendons, and ligaments

Answer 14

projections

Question 15

this cell found in bone tissue is a mitotically active stem cell found in the periosteum

Answer 15

osteogenic cell

Question 16

this cell found in bone tissue secretes bone matrix (mostly collagen fibres) and initiate calcification

Answer 16

osteoblasts

Question 17

this cell found in bone tissues is mature bone cells that have developed from osteoblasts that occupy the lacunae and maintain the matrix

Answer 17

osteocytes

Question 18

this cell found in bone tissue is giant, muti - nucleated cells related to macrophages (breaks down the bone matrix)

Answer 18

osteoclasts

Question 19

What is the extracellular matrix in bone tissue made of?

Answer 19

1/3 = organic components - cells, collagen, ground substance

2/3 - inorganic components -hydroxyapatite

Question 20

this is a method of bone formation where bone develops from the mesenchyme

Answer 20

intramembranous

Question 21

this is a method of bone formation where bone develops from hyaline cartilage
(all long bones)

Answer 21

Endochondral

Question 22

Describe the process of intramembraneous ossification within a membrane

Answer 22

mesenchyme cells differentiate into osteogenic cells which differentiate into osteoblasts which secrte osteoid to osteocytes (trapped within newly formed bones)
-form trabeculae surrounded by peruosteum in flat sheets

Question 23

Describe the process of endochondral ossification

Answer 23

a) . fetal hyaline cartilage model develops
b. ) cartilage calcified and collar bone forms
c. )cavity forms within the cartilage model
d. ) nutrient artery penetrates, delivers osteogenic cells and osteoclasts
e. ) primary ossification center forms
f. ) bone replaces cartilage (except articular)

Question 24

this region of bone is the area of continued growth - increasing in length

Answer 24

epiphyseal plate

Question 25

what contributes to bone growing in diameter?

Answer 25

osteoblasts lay down new bone under the periosteum to increase diameter of bone

Question 26

what supplies blood and nerves to bone?

Answer 26

nutrient arteries

• can be more then one depending on the bone
• supply most of diaphysis

periosteal arteries
metaphyseal arteries
epiphyseal arteries