chapter 6- appendicular skeleton

Question 1

this structure attaches bones of upper limb to axial skeleton

Answer 1

pectoral girdle

Question 2

this structure of the pectoral girdle articulates with manubrium

Answer 2

clavicle (collarbone)

Question 3

this structure of the pectoral girdle is not directly connected to the vertebral column

Answer 3

scapula

Question 4

what are 3 functions of clavicles (collarbones)?

Answer 4

1. provide attachment site for muscles
2. act as braces
3. transmit forces to the axial skeleton

Question 5

what is the sternal end of the clavicle? what is the acromial end?

Answer 5

sternal –> manubrium (close to the neck)

acromial –> scapula (far from the neck close to attachment of shoulder)

Question 6

who are most at risk of a fractured clavicle?

Answer 6

• people who fall with arms stretched out to catch them

- childbirth injury

Question 7

how do you fix a broken clavicle?

Answer 7

-time and immobilization
(sling)
-more serious = plates and screws (surgery)

Question 8

these bones are thin, triangular flat bones

Answer 8

scapulae (shoulder blades)

Question 9

what is the anterior and posterior surfaces of the scapulae?

Answer 9

anterior = relatively featureless
posterior = spine, acromion, coracoid process

Question 10

how many bones in the upper limb?

how many found in the arm? forearm? hand?

Answer 10

= 30 bones total
arm = 1
forearm = 2
hand = 27

Question 11

what is the only bone of the arm?

Answer 11

humerus

Question 12

this bone of the forearm forms the elbow and olecranon prevents hyperextension

Answer 12

ulna

Question 13

this bone of the forearm is thin at the proximal end

Answer 13

radius

Question 14

this bones of the wrist contains 8 marble sized bones

Answer 14

carpals

Question 15

this bones of the palm of the hand contains 5 bones

Answer 15

metacarpals

Question 16

this bones of each digit except thumb has distal, middle and proximal

Answer 16

phalanges

Question 17

what is carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 17

band of ligaments covering the carpals (muscle tendons and median nerve) - aggravation or repetitive movements can cause numbness/pain in lateral part of the hand

Question 18

this girdle differs from the pectoral girdle in that it connects directly to the vertebral column

Answer 18

pelvic girdle

Question 19

what 3 fused bones make up the coxal bone?

Answer 19

1. ilium - superior region, connects to sacrum
2. pubis - anterior region, joins at pubic symphysis
3. ischium - posterior region, sit bones

Question 20

what is the difference between male and female pelvic girdles?

Answer 20

males = heavier and thicker bones
females = pelvic inlet and subpelvic angle is wider

Question 21

this is the bony basin INFERIOR to pelvic brim containing the pelvic organs
-part of colon, rectum, bladder, uterus/ovaries

Answer 21

true pelvis

Question 22

this is SUPERIOR to pelvic brim bound by ilia laterally and abdominal wall anteriorly
-abdominal organs, muscle attachment sites

Answer 22

false pelvis

Question 23

how many bones of the lower limb? how many in the thigh, leg and foot?

Answer 23

29 = total bones
thigh = 1
leg = 2
foot = 26
= plus the patella

Question 24

this is the largest and strongest bone in the body

Answer 24

femur (thigh)

Question 25

the distal part of the femur shaped like wheels and are attachment sites for muscles and ligaments, and are covered by smooth, rounded condyles and are articular surfaces are called

Answer 25

epicondyles

Question 26

this is the sesamoid bone, forms in the tendon attaching to quads and tibia and articulates with patellar surface of femur

Answer 26

patella

Question 27

this bone of the leg articulates with the femur to form knee

Answer 27

tibia

Question 28

this bone of the leg us much thinner and helps stabilize the ankle

Answer 28

fibula

Question 29

these bones of the ankle contain 7 bones of various sizes

Answer 29

tarsals

Question 30

these bones of the foot correspond to metacarpals of the hand

Answer 30

metatarsals

Question 31

these bones of the foot are similar but smaller then those of the hand

Answer 31

phalanges

Question 32

a structure of the foot that prevents pinching of muscles, nerves and blood vessels

Answer 32

foot arch

Question 33

this is the highest arch of the foot

Answer 33

medial arch

Question 34

this is the lowest arch of the foot

Answer 34

lateral arch

Question 35

this arch is perpendicular to other arches

Answer 35

transverse arch

Question 36

this fracture is when the bone is partially fractured

Answer 36

greenstick fracture

Question 37

this type of fracture happens when bone is in 3 or more pieces

Answer 37

comminuted fracture

Question 38

this type of fracture is when the bone breaks through the skin

Answer 38

open fracture

Question 39

this degenerative bone disease where bone resorption outspaces bone deposition making bone porous and light

Answer 39

osteoperosis

Question 40

this condition refers to a number of conditions which the bones are insufficiently mineralized

Answer 40

osteomalacia

Question 41

this condition is osteomalacia in infants

Answer 41

rickets

Question 42

this condition causes clubfoot and is the most common congenital disorder of the lower limb
- cast or stint to correct

Answer 42

talipes equinovarus

Question 43

this condition results in knock-knee (knees abnormally close together)

Answer 43

genu vaigum

Question 44

this condition results in bowleg (knees abnormally seperated)

Answer 44

genu varum

Question 45

this results in bunions on the feet, inherited faulty mechanical structure of the foot (can be caused by tight fitting shoes)

Answer 45

haliux vaigus