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IT Fundamentals + > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Where can Databases be stored?

A

local workstations

servers

the cloud

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2
Q

Flat file:

A

has two dimensions, rows and columns

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3
Q

Database servers:

A

allow access to hundreds or tens of thousands of users at a time

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4
Q

What types of data can a database store?

A

numbers

text

virtually any type of data

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5
Q

Data Persistence:

A

users expect their data to be stored indefinitely

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6
Q

Relational databases:

A

is predictable and organized, with tables containing columns and rows of text or numerical data

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7
Q

Database management system (DBMS):

A

manages all databases

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8
Q

Relational database management system (RDBMS):

A

manages relational databases

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9
Q

Database management system (DBMS) and Relational database management system (RDBMS) enforces the following principles:

A

No duplicate rows are allowed

Column values must not be arrays or repeating groups of data

Where data is not present, null values are used

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10
Q

Null value:

A

means the absence of data, not a value of zero

not considered equal to another null value

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11
Q

Schema:

A

the rules and structure of the database

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12
Q

What are the two types of schemas in relational databases?

A

Logical schema

Physical schema

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13
Q

Logical schema:

A

outlines the structure of the data, such as the tables and their fields, and relationships between tables

can be created by almost any visual diagramming software package or even in a spreadsheet

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14
Q

What are databases usually modular?

A

to make it easier to allow or restrict access to specific data

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15
Q

Physical Schema:

A

the actual tables, columns, and relationships created

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16
Q

Each row in a database table is called a:

A

a record

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17
Q

Each column in a database table is called a:

A

a field

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18
Q

A field:

A

contains a single data type for all records

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19
Q

Primary Key:

A

is one or more fields whose data is used to identigy a record uniquely

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20
Q

What two things must be true for primary keys:

A

the data in the combination of columns must be unique

no values in the column can be blank or null

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21
Q

Foreign Key:

A

is one or more columns in a table that refers to the primary key in another table

are not required

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22
Q

Constraints:

A

basically limitations that prevent someone from takkng an action that would cause major problems within the database

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23
Q

Constraints can prevent someone from doing the following:

A

Entering a value that isn’t found in the linked table’s primary key

Changing the foreign key value to a value that doesn’t exist in the linked table’s primary key

Deleting rows from the primary key table, which would create an orphan record

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24
Q

Primary and Foreign Keys:

Required

A

Yes

No

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25
Q

Primary and Foreign Keys:

Number allowed per table

A

1

No limit

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26
Q

Primary and Foreign Keys:

Automatically indexed

A

Yes

No

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27
Q

Primary and Foreign Keys:

Duplicate values allowed

A

No

Yes

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28
Q

Primary and Foreign Keys:

Function

A

Uniquely identify records in a table

Refer to records in primary key table

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29
Q

Forms:

A

are how data is entered into and often viewed from your database

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30
Q

Queries:

A

mine your data to find the specific information that you need

31
Q

Reports:

A

are generated to answer specific questions

32
Q

Macros and modules:

A

let you add functionality to your database

33
Q

The three types of databases are:

A

Relational databases

Nonstructured databases

Semi-Structured databases

34
Q

Nonstructured and Semi-Structured can be categorized as:

A

Non-relational databases

35
Q

Semi-Structured data:

A

is generally thought of as unstructured data that has been tagged with metadata

36
Q

Metadata::

A

data about data

37
Q

What is a popular type of non-relational database?

A

Document Database

38
Q

In a Document Database:

A

each record and its associated data is considered a document

39
Q

What does a document database need?

A

the ability to index all of the available metadata

robust search engines to mine the data available

40
Q

Key/value database:

A

data is represented as a collection of key/value pairs

manage associative arrays of data, which is a collection of objects or records

41
Q

Key:

A

is an arbitrary string of characters

must be unique

42
Q

What are some popular key/value databases?

A

Redis

Amazon DynamoDB

Memcached

Microsoft Azue Cosmmos DB

Oracle NoSQL

43
Q

What are the ways to access a database?

A

Manual Access

Direct Access

Programmatic Access

User Interface and Utility Access

44
Q

Manual Access:

A

going directly into the tables of a database to view or change data

45
Q

Direct Access:

A

accessing the database tables directly across a network connection

46
Q

Programmatic Access:

A

accessing the data through a program or a programming method

47
Q

User Interface and Utility Access:

A

use a gr`aphical interface or utility to access database

48
Q

What are the three different classifications of permissions for databases?

A

Server permissions

Database permissions

Object permissions

49
Q

Server permissions:

A

affect the entire server

typically granted to an adminstrator account

50
Q

Database permissions:

A

apply to one database and all objects within the database

51
Q

Object permissions:

A

will affect specific database objects

52
Q

Predefined database roles:

db_owner

A

Full access (read, write, delete, back up)

53
Q

Predefined database roles:

db_datareader

A

Read data

54
Q

Predefined database roles:

db_datawriter

A

Add, delete, or modify data

55
Q

Predefined database roles:

db_bckupoperator

A

Back up the database

56
Q

Predefined database roles:

db_denydatareader

A

Can’t view data

57
Q

Predefined database roles:

db_denydatawriter

A

Can’t add, delete, or modify data

58
Q

SQL syntax for creating a database:

A

CREATE DATABASE database_name ;

59
Q

SQL syntax for creating tables in database:

A

CREATE TABLE table_name

60
Q

ALTER command:

A

add, delete, and modify columns

61
Q

What are two ways to provide data for database?

A

Input data

Import data

62
Q

Dropping:

A

delete tables or databases

63
Q

What are the four commands that are frequently used to manipulate data in a relational database?

A

SELECT

INSERT

UPDATE

DELETE

64
Q

INSERT Command:

A

used to insert records into an existing table

65
Q

UPDATE Command:

A

used to update existing data in the database

66
Q

DELETE Command:

A

deletes records

67
Q

SELECT Command:

A

identify and display the data the user needs

68
Q

What are the two pimary methods that exist to extract data from a database?

A

Queries

Reports

69
Q

Report:

A

is essentially a query that’s been formatted to make them look like a finished product

can also produce different visuals, such as a pie chart

70
Q

What are the two recommended ways to back up data from a database?

A

Database dump

Backup

71
Q

Database dump:

A

a one-tme logical backup of a database

exports the schema, tables, views, and the data

72
Q

Backup:

A

a physical backup of everything

can be scheduled and repeating

73
Q

If data is lost how does a database dump differ from a backup?

A

For a database dump a new database would need to be created, followed by restoring the data from the dump

A backup would restore the entire database without needing to create a new database

IT Fundamentals + (25 decks)

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