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IT Fundamentals + > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three areas that software developers need to think about?

A

Platforms

Delivery Methods

Architecture

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2
Q

What are the two ways to approach the development of cross-platform software?

A

Write complete sets of code for each platform

Use a special development toolkit or environments

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3
Q

What are the three options where the application can be installed and from what will it be executed?

A

Locally installed

Hosted on a local network (key data backed on server)

The Cloud (web based applications)

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4
Q

Application architecture:

A

defines how the app is executed- if it will run on one computer or if different components will run on different systems

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5
Q

n-tier architecture:

A

n is intended to be variable (number)

multiple tiers can help with scalability

each tier hosted on a different system (client server)

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6
Q

Presentation tier:

A

user interface (UI)

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7
Q

Business logic tier:

A

coordinates between presentation and data

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8
Q

Data tier:

A

database or file system holding the data

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9
Q

What are the advantages of a three-tier model?

A

Security

Scalability

Flexibility

Load balancing

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10
Q

Describe a two-tier architecture:

A

Usually a client-server model

has a workstation with a UI and the server hosting the other layers

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11
Q

What are the six alternatives to commercial software sales?

A

Freeware

Open Source

Shareware

Single Use

Concurrent

Corporate, Campus, Group, or Site

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12
Q

Freeware:

A

software that is completely free

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13
Q

Open Source:

A

software that is free and the source code is shared and editable

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14
Q

Shareware:

A

software that provides a free trial, with the expectation that you’ll pay for it if you like and decide to keep it

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15
Q

Single Use Program:

A

commercial software for with the license restricts installation to a single user

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16
Q

Concurrent License:

A

allows software to be installed on may PCs but used concurrently by a smaller number them

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17
Q

Corporate, Campus, Group, or Site:

A

permits an organization to install the application on an agreed-upon number of PCs

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18
Q

Control Panel:

A

used to manage software that is already installed

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19
Q

What are the three ways to get an application?

A

Optical disc

Flash drive

The Internet

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20
Q

Exe. or Msi. extension:

A

an executable Setup file

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21
Q

What are the three things you should do when installing software?

A

Read the instructions

Read the agreements

Be aware of advanced options

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22
Q

What is the trade-off of registering software?

A

Companies want to collect your personal information for marketing purposes

You may be eligible for discounts on new versions, free updates, and other goods

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23
Q

Activation:

A

examines the hardware on your system and generates a code that describes the hardware

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24
Q

What the steps for an unclean uninstallation?

A

Make sure that the application isn’t running

Delete the folder containing the program files

Delete the program’s icons or folders from the Start menu

If you have enough information to know what to delete in the registry, start the Registry Editor and make the needed changes

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25
Q

Load balancing:

A

load can be shared among servers in case one server gives up

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26
Q

Service pack:

A

typically alters the inner workings of the OS in a deeper way than a regular update

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27
Q

What are the three groups of software to know?

A

Productivity

Collaboration

Business

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28
Q

File extension:

A

tells you a little about the file

tells the OS what to do with the file

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29
Q

Executables

A

Extensions designed to execute a program directly

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30
Q

Common executable file extensions:

.exe

A

Execute a program with Windows

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31
Q

Common executable file extensions:

.msi

A

Microsoft Installation for installation and removal

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32
Q

Common executable file extensions:

.app

A

Execute a program with macOS

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33
Q

Common executable file extensions:

.bat

A

Batch file

used to execute multiple commands from the Windows command prompt within one file

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34
Q

Common executable file extensions:

.scexe

A

Self-extracting firmware updates that Hewlett-Packard produces

commonly associated with Linux machines

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35
Q

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME):

A

Windows ignores MIME type

UNIX, Linux, and macOS read the MIME type when a file is opened

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36
Q

Productivity Software

A

software that helps get more work done easier

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37
Q

What software makes up productivity software?

A

Word processing software

Spreadsheet software

Presentation software

Visual Diagramming Software

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38
Q

What are commercial offerings of word processing software?

A

Corel WordPerfect

Corel Write

Microsoft Word

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39
Q

What are free offerings of word processing software?

A

Google Docs

AbiWord

Jarte

LibreOffice

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40
Q

Word processing file extensions:

.txt

A

Basic text file

Almost all word processors will open

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41
Q

Word processing file extensions:

.rtf

A

Rich-text format

develops by Microsoft and generally more compatible than .doc files

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42
Q

Spreadsheet Software:

A

Mostly used for managing numbers or lists of data

mostly bundled with word processing software

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43
Q

Presentation software:

A

designed to help put your ideas in slides so you can share a full-screen slide show from your computer

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44
Q

Visual diagramming software:

A

can also create charts and graphs, as well as floor plans or circuit paths etc.

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45
Q

What are some popular Visual Diagramming software?

A

SmartDraw

Microsoft Visio

Gliffy

Creatly

Lucidchart

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46
Q

What are examples of Collaboration software?

A

Email Client Software

Conferencing Software

47
Q

Email client Software:

A

lets you send and receive messages, manage your contacts and calendar, and assign yourself tasks with deadlines, with reminders given

48
Q

What are the two giants in the commercial email client section?

A

Microsoft Outlook

IBM Notes

49
Q

Conferencing Software:

A

can be phone calls or video calls

50
Q

Videoconferencing:

A

making a call using your computer

has the ability to share screen and record

51
Q

Telepresence:

A

making a video call seem like an authentic in person experience

52
Q

What are commercial options for videoconferencing software?

A

Cisco WebEx

GoToMeeting

Fuze

join.me

Slack

Mikogo

Adobe Connect

53
Q

What are free options for videoconferencing software?

A

Skype

Google Hangouts

Duo

UberConference

FaceTime

Camfrog

54
Q

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

A

a group of technologies that work to deliver voice communications over the Internet or other data networks

55
Q

Instant messaging:

A

sending a text note to another user in real-time

56
Q

Online workspace:

A

means that multiple people can collaborate on the same file at the same time

involves sharing the screen of the file on which you are working with others

57
Q

What are examples of cloud-based services?

A

Google Drive

Microsoft Office Online

Dropbox

IDrive

OpenDrive

58
Q

What are some key features to look for when considering online document storage and sharing?

A

Storage and Upload Maximums

Backups

File Synchronization

File Encryption

Maintained Servers

Security Mechanisms

Mobile Platforms

Help and Support

59
Q

Database:

A

contains data in a logical structure, which should make it easy to access

60
Q

Project Management software:

A

provides a visual representation of tasks needed to complete a project

will let you create tasks and set dependencies

61
Q

What are some popular project management software?

A

Zoho Projects

LiquidPlanner

Microsoft Project

Teamwork Projects

62
Q

What are three examples of Business-Specific Software?

A

Desktop Publishing

Computer-Aided Drafting

Medical or Scientific Software

63
Q

Desktop Publishing:

A

used to create books, magazines, pamphlets or flyers for distribution

64
Q

What are examples of Desktop Publishing?

A

Microsoft Publisher

Adobe InDesign

QuarkXPress

Apple Pages

65
Q

Image file Extensions:

.jpg

A

j-peg

defines how images are compressed and stored

66
Q

Image file Extensions:

.gif

A

Graphics Interchange Format

better compression than .jpg and .gif

67
Q

Image file Extensions:

.png

A

Portable Network Graphics

Designed to replace .gif

68
Q

Image file Extensions:

.bmp

A

Bitmap

One of the oldest and simplest image formats

69
Q

Computer-aided design (CAD):

A

used by designers of building and other structures as well as artists to create 2d and 3d drawings

70
Q

Electronic Medical Records (EMR) or Electronic Health Records (EHR) package:

A

hold the patient’s medical records but also allow the provider to interface with medical testing equipment

71
Q

What are the two major divisions of accounting (financial) software?

A

Professional use

Small business/home use

72
Q

What are examples of accounting software?

A

Quicken

QuickBooks

Microsoft Money

iCash

73
Q

Accounting (financial) software:

A

allows you to set and track budgets, manage your banking, plan investment choices and retirement savings, generate reports, and pay bills automatically

74
Q

Utility Software:

A

used to manage services that are handy but not necessary to get a project done

75
Q

Malware:

A

software that does harm to the computer

76
Q

Anti-malware:

A

software that keeps malware off the machine

77
Q

What are some popular anti-malware programs?

A

Symantec’s Norton Security

McAfee

AVG

Avast

Bitdefender

Kaspersky

Malwarebytes

78
Q

Inoculating:

A

running an antivirus program on a computer to fight against virus

79
Q

What do you need to know for removing bad software?

A

Identify malware symptoms

Quarantine the infected system

Remediate infect systems

Schedule scans and updates

Educate the end user

80
Q

Firewall:

A

hardware or software solution that serves as your network’s security guard

configured to allow only packets (network data) that pass specific security restrictions to get through

81
Q

What are the two ways that firewalls can protect you?

A

They protect your network resources from hackers

They prevent computers on your network from accessing undesirable content on the Internet

82
Q

What are the two types of firewalls?

A

Network-based

Host-based

83
Q

Network-based firewall:

A

designed to protect a whole network of computers

84
Q

Host-based firewalls:

A

protect only one computer and are almost always software solutions

85
Q

What are the two network connections that most network-based firewalls have?

A

the Internet (public side)

the internal network (private side)

86
Q

Demilitarized Zone (DMZ):

A

the third network port for a second semi-internal network

used to connect servers that can be considered both public and private. such as web and email servers

87
Q

Access Control List (ACL)

A

a set of rules that determines which traffic gets through the firewall and which traffic is blocked

88
Q

Compression software:

A

removes redundant information within files and by doing so makes them smaller than their original size

can also take multiple files and compress them into the same archive, which can be uncompressed later and the original files retrieved

89
Q

What are some popular compression software?

A

WinZip

WinRAR

PKZIP

7-Zip

gzip

Express Zip

90
Q

File compression formats:

.rar

A

generated by Win RAR program

91
Q

File compression formats:

.tar

A

Tape archive

used in UNIX and Linux

92
Q

File compression formats:

.zip

A

the most common compression format

93
Q

File compression formats:

.dmg

A

macOS disk image files

94
Q

File compression formats:

.iso

A

Disk image archive files for optical media, such as CD-ROMs

95
Q

File compression formats:

..7z

A

generated by 7-Zip program

96
Q

File compression formats:

.gz

A

generated by gzip program

97
Q

File compression formats:

.jar

A

Java archive

98
Q

Portable Document Format (.pdf)

A

created in 1990s by Adobe Systems

document format that would work regardless of the user’s computer platform

normally read-only

can edit certain parts

99
Q

International Organization for Standardization (ISO):

A

establishes standards for .pdf

100
Q

Legacy browsers:

A

may have security holes or fewer features that can protect you as you browse the web

might not be compatible with some web applications

101
Q

Plugin:

A

a piece of software that gives your browser additional functionality

102
Q

What software components can be added to a browser to give it additional functionality?

A

Plugins

Add-ons

Toolbars

Extensions

103
Q

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

A

require users to access Internet sites through a proxy server

104
Q

Proxy Server:

A

a server that makes requests on behalf of other computers

a gatekeeper for Internet access

can also block access to websites based on potentially dangerous or inappropriate content and log all traffic

105
Q

Cookie:

A

a plain-text file that a web page stores on your hard disk for tracking purposes

can tell an advertiser that you’ve previously viewed a certain ad

can create rules for cookie handling

106
Q

What are the two risks involved with cookies?

A

A cookie can deliver personally identifiable information to a website (privacy threat)

a virus or Trojan horse may copy a stored password from a cookie and deliver it to someone who can steal your login information for a site to commit identity theft or some other type of fraud (security threat)

107
Q

Cache:

A

a temporary copy of settings that you had configured on websites, similar to preferences on the site

108
Q

Scripts:

A

is rendered as a formatted web page by your web browser on your local PC

can create opportunities for hackers

can compromise privacy

can contain malicious code that infects your system

109
Q

Client-side script:

A

the script executes on the client machine within the web browser

110
Q

Pop-up:

A

an extra window that appears automatically when you display a certain web page or click a certain button on a page

often used to display advertisements or fake dialog boxes

111
Q

Secure website:

A

uses Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS) to encrypt transmission between the server and the client

112
Q

How do you identify a secure website?

A

https:

a lock icon

the address bar or some text in green

113
Q

Certificate authority (CA):

A

provides owners of sites a security certificate

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