Chapter 7 Flashcards
Time spaces
The visual experience of time units such as days of the week or months of the year as occupying spatial locations outside the body.
Number forms
Automatically generated images of numbers in various spatial layouts external to an individual.
Dual-coding theory
The theory that there are two ways of representing events, verbal and non-verbal.
Logogens
The units containing the information underlying our use of a word; the components of the verbal system.
Imagens
The units containing information that generate mental images; the components of the non-verbal system.
Imagery (Paivio’s sense)
The ease with which something such as a word can elicit a mental image.
Concreteness
The degree to which a word refers to something that can be experienced by the senses (i.e. heard, felt, smelled, or tasted).
Left and right hemispheres theory
The theory that the left hemisphere of the brain controls speech and is better at processing verbal material than is the right hemisphere, which is better at non-verbal tasks. Not totally true!
Mnemonic techniques
Procedures used to aid memory, like Circle of Fifths.
Method of loci
A mnemonic technique based on places and images (one is a bun, two is a shoe, etc.)
Distinctiveness hypothesis
The hypothesis that the more distinctive the item is, the easier it will be to recall.
von Restorff effect
If one item in a set is different from the others, it is more likely to be recalled.
Special place strategy
Choosing a storage location that other people will not think of; the problem is that when the time comes to retrieve the item, you may not think of it either.
Metamemory
Beliefs about how memory works.
Synesthesia
The condition in which a stimulus appropriate to one sense (eg. a sound) triggers an experience appropriate to another sense (eg. a colour).
Chromesthesia
Coloured hearing from synesthesia,
Inducer
The cue that elicits a synesthetic experience.
Concurrent
The synesthetic response.
Apoptosis
Programmed pruning of neurons. Lack of this could be a cause for synesthesia. Certain transient connections in babies become permanent in adults.
Strong synesthetes
People for whom an inducer in one sensory modality (eg. a sound) produces a concurrent image in another sensory modality (eg. a colour).
Cross-modal effects
The ability to appreciate that the sensations of one modality can be similar to those in another modality.
Weak synesthetes
People who can appreciate cross-modal associations without having strong synesthetic experiences.
Icon
The initial, brief representation of the information contained in a visual stimulus.
Eidetic imagery
Images protected onto the external world that persist for a minute or more even after a stimulus (eg. a picture) is removed. No more accurate than regular memories and not photographic.
