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health sci 2700 > chapter 7 & 8 & 9 > Flashcards

chapter 7 & 8 & 9 Flashcards

1
Q

describe the stages a child undergoes in relation to art from 3 - 6 years?

A

the preschematic stage: at the age of 3 they go from disordered scribbling to realizing art can represent smth else. at ages of 4 & 5 detail is added, telling stories and working out problems using art. at the age of 6, they use symbols to represent real things (called schemes). for example, the sun would be a circle with lines.

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2
Q

what is “schema” when talking about art?

A

a way of portraying an object

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3
Q

what functions does the left hemisphere of the brain deal with?

A

language, logic, math, analysis

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4
Q

what functions does the right hemisphere of the brain deal with?

A

intuition, creativity, art/music, spatial

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5
Q

when does preference of a hand appear?

A

ages 2 to 6

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6
Q

what is socio dramatic play?

A

when children play roles. this usually happens during preschool e.g playing house

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7
Q

what is rule governed play?

A

at 5/6 children like to play games that are governed e.g redlight greenlight or whoever smallest is baby

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8
Q

what stage are preschoolers in the cognitive development cycle? explain it

A

pre operational stage. can communicate and think with symbols. having difficulty with thinking logically

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9
Q

when is the concept of conservation developed?

A

5 or after

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10
Q

describe the concept of conservation

A

understanding that matter can change in appearance without changing in quantity

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11
Q

what is the false belief principle?

A

understanding that enables a child to look at a situation from another’s perspective to determine what info causes that person to have false belief

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12
Q

describe the Theories of Mind from age 4 to 7

A

at 4 one believes that each person’s actions are based on their representation of reality. at age 5 they can’t understand that people can think about them or that most knowledge is gained from inference. from 6/7 one can understand the reciprocal nature of thought

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13
Q

how to enhance theories of mind?

A

pretend play, shared thoughts with other children, discussing emotion provoking events with parents

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14
Q

what is metamemory?

A

knowledge about how memory works. being able to control and reflect on your memory function

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15
Q

what is metacognition?

A

knowing how the mind thinks and being able to control and reflect on your thought process

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16
Q

what is reinforcement in regard to language development?

A

using a word with an idea of what it could mean. using word often and then getting feedback to help determine accuracy of previous idea of what the word meant

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17
Q

what is invented spelling?

A

strategy used by children with good phonological awareness when writing. they spell out words based off the sounds

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18
Q

what is inflection?

A

additions that change a words meaning. for example go -> going

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19
Q

what is overregulatization?

A

using rules when they dont apply e.g goed instead of went

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20
Q

what is a complex sentence?

A

using conjunction to combine two ideas

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21
Q

what is numeracy?

A

ability to use numbers

22
Q

in what stage of eriksons psychosocial development theory are preschoolers at? describe it

A

initiative vs guilt. begins with ability to plan leading to the wish to take initiative. balanced between child’s desire for autonomy and parents need to protect child and control their behaviour.

23
Q

what is person perception?

A

ability to classify others according to age, gender, race, etc

24
Q

what does attachment predict in a preschooler?

A

behaviours in terms if behavioural problems and positive relationships with preschool teacher etc

25
Q

what are the 4 aspects of family functioning?

A

warmth/nurturance, clarity and consistency of rules, level of expectation, communication between parent and child. WCEC!!

26
Q

what are the 4 parenting styles?

A

authoritarian, permissive, authoritative, uninvolved

27
Q

describe authoritarian parenting

A

low nurturance and communication. high in control and maturity demands

28
Q

describe permissive parenting

A

high in nurturance and low in maturity demands, control, and communication

29
Q

describe authoritative parenting

A

high in nurturance, maturity demands, control and communication

30
Q

describe uninvolved parenting

A

low in nurturance, maturity demands, control and communication

31
Q

what is the most common parenting style in canada? what is second?

A

authoritative is first. in second equally is authoritarian and permissive

32
Q

what are the problems with identifying effective discipline strategies?

A

difficult to establish their effects and how intense and frequent they need to be

33
Q

what are negative effects from non-intact families?

A

reduced financial and emotional resources. difficult transition - hard to monitor and control children. less likelihood of authoritative parenting

34
Q

what is syncretism?

A

belief that if two events occur at the same time, one event caused the other

35
Q

what is animism?

A

giving lifelike qualities to objects - saying a chair is mean for hitting you

36
Q

what is centration (in regards to preschoolers)?

A

focusing on one characteristic of an object, ignoring others. (opposite of conservation)

37
Q

what is the zone of proximal development? who created this concept?

A

what a learner can do with guidance (scaffolding). this concept was created by vygotsky

38
Q

what is egocentric speech? who coined this term?

A

talking to oneself due to inability to see things from another p.o.v.. coined by piaget

39
Q

what are the types of attention?

A

divided, selective, sustained

40
Q

what is divided attention?

A

being able to switch focus between tasks/external stimuli

41
Q

what is selective attention?

A

focusing on one task

42
Q

what is sustained attention?

A

focusing on one thing for a long period of time

43
Q

what is theory-theory?

A

child’s tendency to think of theories to explain everything they encounter

44
Q

what is the looking-glass self?

A

using other’s judgement on ourselves to judge oneself

45
Q

what is categorical self?

A

focusing on external qualities to describe oneself

46
Q

what are the 4 qualities of empathy

A

listening, holding judgement, understanding emotions, communicating

47
Q

describe the relation between SES (socioeconomic status) and parenting styles

A

no relationship: good parenting practices are common in all SES levels as are ineffective parenting
practices. however, children in lower SES are more likely to experience more risk factors and adding on ineffective parenting styles results in higher vulnerability

48
Q

what is private speech?

A

inner speech

49
Q

what is sensory memory?

A

first stage of memory system, stores sensory input in raw form for brief duration until it is processed

50
Q

what is working memory?

A

first stage of memory system, aka short term memory.

health sci 2700 (6 decks)

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