chapter 10 & 11 & 12

Question 1

describe physical changes (height) at the age 12

Answer 1

girls have reached bout 93% of their adult height and boys have reached 84% of their height

Question 2

sex differences in skeletal and muscular maturation cause …?

Answer 2

girls to be better coordinated but slower and weaker than boys

Question 3

more than 1/2 of fatal
injuries are due to …?

Answer 3

motor vehicle crashes

Question 4

what fraction of canadian children between 5-11 have unhealthy/sub optimal body weights?

Answer 4

1/4

Question 5

what are some factors that result in obesity?

Answer 5

genetic predisposition, epigenetic modifications from early in life, environment (overeating/low physical activity), early onset of overweight, overweight parents

Question 6

what is horizontal decalage?

Answer 6

inability to apply new cognitive skills to all kinds of problems

Question 7

what is automaticity?

Answer 7

can recall info from long term memory without using short term memory capacity – achieved thru practice

Question 8

describe elaboration

Answer 8

finding shared meaning/referent for two or more things that need to be remembered

Question 9

what is mnemonic?

Answer 9

memorizing things with letters and words

Question 10

what is systematic searching?

Answer 10

looking thru your memory for a piece of info

Question 11

what are the associated virtues for erikson’s psychosocial development

Answer 11

Hope, Will, Purpose, Competence, Fidelity, Love, Care, Wisdom. HoW PoCo FooL CoW

Question 12

what is the balanced approach?

Answer 12

reading instruction that combines explicit phonics instruction with other strategies for helping children acquire literacy

Question 13

what are the components of emotional intelligence?

Answer 13

awareness of our own emotions, able to appropriately express emotions, capacity to channel our emotions into the pursuit of worthwhile goals

Question 14

describe an achievement test

Answer 14

to assess specific information learned in school – but it may not accurately measure this because students can learn things at home too etc

Question 15

describe an assessment

Answer 15

gathering info that can be used to improve learning

Question 16

what is considered a risk factor in ADHD?

Answer 16

premature birth and genetics are a risk factor.

Question 17

what are the characteristics of ADHD?

Answer 17

higher activity level, lower ability to sustain attention and control impulses

Question 18

at what stage of erikson’s developmental theory are 9-12 year olds at?

Answer 18

industry vs inferiority. development of one’s sense of competence.

Question 19

what is self esteem

Answer 19

evaluation on one’s self worth

Question 20

describe moral reasoning

Answer 20

by piaget, process of making judgments about the rightness or wrongness of specific acts. the first stage of moral development is moral realism. it is the belief that rules are inflexible. the next stage is moral relativism. it is the understanding that rules can be changed thru social agreement.

Question 21

describe the moral continuum

Answer 21

Extreme Realism on the far left. Epistemic Boundary in the middle in between Moral Realism and Moral Relativism. Cultural Relativism in the middle of Moral Relativism. Extreme Relativism on the far right.

Question 22

describe the difference between boy and girls friendship groups

Answer 22

boys: bigger groups, accepting, outdoors, competition, dominances, competition between friends
girls: pairs, exclusive, indoors, agreement, compliance, competition between strangers

Question 23

name some teratogens

Answer 23

smoking, alcohol, marijuana, anxiety, depression, obesity

Question 24

where does myelinization occur at ages 9-12 and what does it lead to?

Answer 24

in the frontal lobes (logic and planning) and reticular formation (selective attention becomes possible)

Question 25

where does myelinization occur at ages 6-8 and what does it lead to?

Answer 25

increase in the myelinization across the cerebral cortex with sensory and motor areas affected first which may be linked to the improvement in fine motor skills and hand eye coordination

Question 26

obese children are predisposed to developing…?

Answer 26

type II diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease later in life

Question 27

how do you calculate bmi?

Answer 27

weight/(height)^2

Question 28

what is the major flaw of the bmi? why do we still use it?

Answer 28

it doesn’t take into account muscle content. we still use bmi because it is simple and somewhat reliable

Question 29

what is decentration?

Answer 29

thinking that takes multiple variables into account

Question 30

what is reversibility?

Answer 30

understanding that both physical actions and mental operations can be reversed

Question 31

what is inductive logic vs deductive?

Answer 31

inductive is determining a general law from a specific experience. deductive is determining an instance from a general law

Question 32

children age 6-8 are in what cognitive stage?

Answer 32

concrete operational

Question 33

describe executive processes

Answer 33

advancement in info processing skills that involve carrying out strategies for remembering and solving problems based on knowing how the mind works

Question 34

what is expansion?

Answer 34

when children learn to maintain the topic of conversation, create unambiguous sentences, and speak politely or persuasively

Question 35

what are the types of intelligences according to gardner?

Answer 35

linguistic, logical/mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily (coordination of movement), naturalist (flora/fauna/artifacts), interpersonal (others), intrapersonal (oneself)

Question 36

according to sternberg, what are the components of intelligence

Answer 36

contextual (knowing right behaviour so situation), experiential (giving specific response without thinking), componential (coming up with strategy)

Question 37

define an exception child

Answer 37

one with special needs: gifted/disabilities

Question 38

what are program accomodations?

Answer 38

adjusted teaching to help
child with special needs achieve outcomes of the standard curriculum

Question 39

by the end of middle childhood children’s
self-concepts include two new components: ..?

Answer 39

psychological self (understanding one’s stable internal traits – development of self efficacy) and valued self (global evaluation of one’s self worth)

Question 40

how does one display active listening?

Answer 40

empathize, be attentive, understanding thru non-verbal behaviours, reflect back their thoughts and feelings, do not interrupt or offer advice, remain neutral, ask open-ended questions

Question 41

children having meals together with family leads to?

Answer 41

better academic success, less behavioural problems, better nutrition (in teen years), better psychological adjustment (in teen years).

Question 42

what type of aggression is more common in boys? in girls?

Answer 42

boys show more physical aggression and assertiveness. girls show more relational aggression (on self-esteem and relationships)

Question 43

what is vertical decalage?

Answer 43

using same cognitive function in different stages. e.g being able to develop a map when before they were navigating around the environment at age 2

Question 44

differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

Answer 44

intrinsic for personal satisfaction. extrinsic to receive or avoid an outcome