chapter 13 & 14 & 15 Flashcards
according to the lecture, men who have sex early are likely to have…
families who condone sexual activity, live in low SES neighbourhoods, more likely to use alcohol, low parental involvement, abused/neglected in childhood
according to the lecture, women who have sex early are like to have…
experienced earlier menarche (first menstruation), low interest in school, dated at an early age, have history of sexual abuse
what is a major contributor to sexual activity in adolescence? why is this questionable…
alcohol… consent???
how many major brain spurts are there? when is the first?
there are 2 brain spurts. the first is between 13-15 when the cerebral cortex becomes thicker and neuronal pathways become more efficient
what is the invincibility complex? when is this?
during adolescence. belief that bad things will not happen to them. they seek more sensation which leads to recklessness
during hospitalization, teens experience…?
loss of control, anxiety, powerlessness, and loss of independence
at what cognitive stage are adolescents at? describe the stage
formal operational stage: learn to think logically about abstract concepts
what is systematic problem solving?
ability to search methodically for problem’s answer
what is hypothetico-deductive reasoning?
ability to derive conclusions from hypothetical premises
what is naive idealism?
mental construct of an ideal world as compared to the real world
what two characteristics separate adolescents from younger children?
the tendency to exaggerate others’ reactions to one’s own behaviour. tendency to base decisions on
unrealistic ideas about the future
differentiate between task and ability goals
task is based on personal standards and competence. ability is based on competition and relativeness – beating someone
according to freud and erikson, what stages are adolescents at?
genital stage: psychosexual maturity. identity vs role confusion: attaining a sense of who they are.
according to erikson, what is an identity crisis?
psychological state of emotional turmoil that arises when a sense of self becomes ‘unglued’ so that a new, more mature sense of self can be achieved
what are the factors that act on one’s self esteem?
personal characteristics, relationships, lifestyle factors, and achievements
how many stages are in kohlberg’s moral developmental theory?
6!
describe the category of stages in kohlberg’s moral developmental theory
preconventional reasoning: judgments are based on sources of authority. conventional reasoning: judgments are based on rules or norms of a group to which the individual belongs. postconventional reasoning: judgments are based on emergence of a
personal authority
describe the stages of kohlberg’s moral developmental theory
Stage 1- punishment and obedience orientation.
Stage 2- individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange.
Stage 3- mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity.
Stage 4- social system and conscience.
Stage 5- social contract orientation.
Stage 6- the universal ethics principles orientation.
at what stage of kohlberg’s moral developmental theory are children usually in?
1/2
at what stage of kohlberg’s moral developmental theory are adolescents usually in?
2/3
out of parents and peers, teenagers wellbeing /happiness is more strongly correlated with quality of attachment to
parents
when do teenagers become aware of attraction to either same sex or opposite sex?
11-12 years
when is the 2nd major brain spurt?
at around 17. frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex (area that controls logic and planning) are developing
compared to earlier growth in the womb, describe the growth of adolescents
cephalocaudal/proximodistal patterns are reversed; hands and feet grow first and the trunk is usually the slowest part to grow
