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Embryology > Chapter 7,8,9 > Flashcards

Chapter 7,8,9 Flashcards

1
Q

How long does it take for a developing mammalian embryo to reach the uterus?

A

3 days

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2
Q

What supplies the nutrition of embryo prior to its implantation to endometrium?

A

Own yolk, and reproductive tract secretions

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3
Q

Serves as the protection for the developing embryo against maternal immune system

A

Zona pellucida

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4
Q

Serves to nourish the developing embryo after it hatches from zona pellucida before it attaches to epithelium of uterus.

A

Secretions of uterine glands

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5
Q

The process wherein the developing embryo attaches or adheres to the epithelium of the uterus

A

Implantation/nidation

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6
Q

Apposition, Adhesion and Firm attachment

A

3 stages of implantation

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7
Q

Blastocyst implants itself interstitially by passing through the uterine epithelium and becoming completely cut off from the uterine lumen. This is true in primates, guinea pigs and human.

A

Interstitial/Invasive Implantation

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8
Q

blastocyst remains small and becomes lodged in the fold of the uterine lumen, where it implants itself. Example of this form of implantation are
rodents.

A

Eccentric Implantation

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9
Q

Blastocyst elongates and enlarges until it fills a good part of the uterine cavity. This form of placentation occurs in ungulates, carnivores, swine,sheep, cattle and horse

A

Centric/Superficial Implantation

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10
Q

Blastocyst implants in the endometrium on the same side as the attachment of the mesometrium.

A

Mesometrial Implantation

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11
Q

implantation occurs at a site opposite to the attachment of the mesometrium

A

Anti-mesometrial Implantation

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12
Q

Implantation occurs when the probability that
offsprings are born at a time of year favorable for survival. E.g. for Mink, ferrets, roe deer, bears, badgers and seals

A

Seasonal or Obligative Implantation

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13
Q

The dam ensures that it does not have to support two litters contemporaneously
* Rodents and insectivores

A

Facultative or lactational Implantation

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14
Q

Implantation and subsequent embryonic development in an extra-uterine location

A

Ectopic pregnancy

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15
Q

These are the sites of ABNORMAL implantation

A

Ovary, uterine tube, peritoneal cavity

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16
Q

This is a natural placement or orientation and spacing of the embryos that occur in the uterus of the dam.

A

Embryo orientation and spacing in – utero

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17
Q

True or false in cattle When single oocyte is fertilized, the blastocyst attaches to the middle or upper third of the uterine horn adjacent to the ovulating ovary.

A

TRUE

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18
Q

True or false in sheep When two blastocysts are derived from one ovary, one blastocyst usually migrates to the contralateral
(opposite) horn where it becomes implanted.

A

TRUE

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19
Q

True or false in Horses blastocyst will only implant at the left horn close to the body of the uterus.

A

False, blastocyst will implant on either left or right side of the horn.

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20
Q

True or false for litter bearing or Polytocous animals blastocyst are evenly spaced within the uterine horns.

A

TRUE

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21
Q

These are tissues derived from the developing embryo that enclose and contribute
to the support of the developing embryo.

A

Extra embryonic membranes

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22
Q

What are the 4 EEM’s?

A

Yolk sac, allantois, amnion and chorion

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23
Q

Where are the amnion and chorion derived from?

A

Somatopleure (fused mesoderm and ectoderm)

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24
Q

Where are the allantois and yolk sac derived from?

A

Splanchnopleure (fused mesoderm and endoderm)

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25
Q

Is a small membranous structure in egg with scant yolk material like mammals, performs a variety of critical biological functions during early gestation.

A

Yolk sac

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26
Q

Provides the nutrition and gas exchange between the mother and developing embryo

A

Yolk sac

27
Q

Takes place in yolk sac before the liver and bone marrow eventually take over. It is the provision of oxygen to organs.

A

Primitive hematopoiesis

28
Q

Remnant of yolk sac after birth

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

29
Q

Blood supply is provided by which vessel during the 6th day of incubation?

A

Vitelline vessels

30
Q

the outermost membrane surrounding the embryo in mammals, birds and reptiles, also involved in gas and nutrient exchange due to its vascularity

A

CHORION

31
Q

Serves as the cushion to protect the embryo

A

Chorionic fluid

32
Q

the fetal part of placenta

A

chorion

33
Q

the maternal component of placenta

A

decidua basalis

34
Q

Membranous sac that intimately encloses the embryo when first formed. It is which serves to provide a protective environment for the developing embryo or fetus.

A

AMNION

35
Q

In the early weeks of pregnancy is mostly
water that comes from the body. After about 20 weeks of pregnancy, the baby’s urine makes up most of the fluid.

A

Amniotic fluid

36
Q

A hollow sac-like structure filled with clear fluid that forms part of a developing amniote’s conceptus. Helps the embryo exchange gases and handle liquid waste

A

ALLANTOIS

37
Q

Are the continuation of the sinus venosus of the heart.

A

Allantoic veins

38
Q

Shape of allantois for cattle, sheep and pigs

A

Anchor shaped

39
Q

Shape of allantois for dogs, cats and horses

A

Tube-shaped

40
Q

the connecting stalk between the fetus and the placenta

A

UMBILICAL CORD

41
Q

True or false in cattle, sheep and pigs, the umbilical cord ruptures as the fetus passes through the birth canal.

A

True

42
Q

True or false in horses, dogs and cats, the umbilical cord normally does not break as a result of the action of the dam after the fetus has been born

A

False - It breaks

43
Q

A structure formed by the apposition of the fetal and maternal tissues

A

Placenta

44
Q

The formation, type and structure, or arrangement of the placenta

A

Placentation

45
Q

Its function is to transfer nutrients and electrolytes, respiratory gases, and water from maternal tissue to a growing embryo, and in some instances to remove waste from the embryo

A

Placenta

46
Q

2 Types of Placenta

A

Choriovitelline and Chorioallantoic.

47
Q

when the fused vascular choriovitelline membranes become attached to the endometrium.
- common in marsupials.

A

choriovitelline placenta

48
Q

becomes attached to the endometrium.
⁻ definitive form of placentation in higher mammals.
⁻ it may be preceded by and co‐exist with a temporary
choriovitelline placenta

A

chorioallantoic placenta

49
Q

Characterized by uniform
distribution of villi on the
outer surface of the chorion
* Occurs in horses and pigs

A

Diffuse Placenta

50
Q

are unique to the mare Principal source of the equine chorionic gonadotrophin (formerly
known as the pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin)

A

ENDOMETRIAL CUPS

51
Q

Chorionic villi are restricted to cotyledons
* Occurs in ruminants
* 90-100 in sheep, 70-120 in cattle

A

COTYLEDONARY

52
Q

the maternal contact sites

A

Caruncles

53
Q

the cotyledon-caruncle complex

A

Placentome

54
Q

Chorionic villi are confined to a girdle-like structure around the middle of the chorionic sac
* Occurs in carnivores

A

ZONARY

55
Q

Chorionic villi are restricted to disc-shaped areas on the chorionic sac
* Occurs in humans, monkeys and rodents

A

Discoidal

56
Q

microcotyledons are distributed diffusely

A

MICROCOTYLODENARY

57
Q

Loose apposition
* Separation is easily achieved at parturition without damage to maternal tissue.
* Horses, ruminants and pigs

A

APPOSED, NON-DECIDUATE

58
Q
  • Intimate connection is formed between maternal and embryonic tissue.
  • Some maternal tissue is lost with the fetal tissue at birth.
  • Humans, dogs, cats and rodents
A

CONJOINED, DECIDUATE

59
Q
  • trophoblast or chorionic epithelium and uterine epithelium remain in
    close contact but both retain their original layer.
  • marsupials ,ungulates and lemur.
  • all 6 layers are intact
A

Epithelio-chorial

60
Q

chorionic villi erode the uterine wall, so that the uterine epithelium is
ruptured and the chorionic villi comes in contact with the connective tissue of the uterine wall.
⁻ ruminants
⁻ only 5 intact layers (3 from fetal and 2 from maternal).

A

Syndesmo-chorial

61
Q

both uterine epithelium and connective tissue is eroded so that the chorionic villi comes in contact with endothelium of maternal blood
vessel.
⁻ dogs ,cats and other carnivores.
⁻ 4 intact layers (3 from fetal and 1 from maternal).

A

Endothelio-chorial

62
Q

⁻ uterine epithelium, connective tissue and endothelium all are eroded and the chorionic villi baths in the maternal blood.
⁻ human, primates and rodents.
⁻ only 3 intact layers: fetal/ all maternal layer’s degenerate

A

Haemo-chorial

63
Q

⁻ foetal capillaries lie freely in maternal blood.
⁻ Rabbit.

A

Haemo-endothelial

64
Q
  • the nutritional material supplied to the embryo from the circulating maternal blood.
A

Haemotrophe

Embryology (10 decks)

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