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Embryology > CHAPTER 2 - EARLY DEVELOPMENT IN BIRDS AND MAMMALS > Flashcards

CHAPTER 2 - EARLY DEVELOPMENT IN BIRDS AND MAMMALS Flashcards

1
Q

is the development and maturation of sex cells called gametes.

A

Gametogenesis

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2
Q

The lineage of cells from which gametes arise

A

germ line

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3
Q

the cells which produce
the gametes

A

primordial germ cells

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3
Q

formation of spermatozoa or male gametes (duration: 34 days in mouse; 36 days in stallion; 74 days in human). Transformation of spermatids to spermatozoa.

A

Spermatogenesis

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4
Q

development of ovum.

A

Oogenesis

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5
Q

transformation of spermatids to spermatozoa

A

Spermiogenesis

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6
Q

In Spermiogenesis the nucleus of spermatid will become what part of spermatozoon?

A

head

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7
Q

The centrosome will become which part of the spermatozoon during spermiogenesis?

A

Axial filament of the tail

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8
Q

The centriole of spermatid will become ______

A

Neck of sperm

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9
Q

Cytoplasm of spermatid will become

A

envelope of sperm

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10
Q

the golgi apparatus will become which part of the sperm

A

Acrosome

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11
Q

The mitochondria will become which part of sperm

A

spiral filament

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12
Q
  • Ovum of mammals
  • Scanty amount of yolk
  • isolecithal distribution
  • central location of nucleus
A

Microlecithal egg (small)

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13
Q
  • Ovum of amphibian
  • Increasing gradient from animal to vegetal pole of egg
  • Moderate amount of yolk
  • Nucleus is located at the animal pole.
A

Mesolecithal

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14
Q
  • Ovum of Avian
  • Large amount of yolk
  • Yolk distributed telolecithal at the vegetal pole
  • nucleus is at the animal pole
A

Macrolecithal

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15
Q

The ovum consists of almost no yolk in it.
Animals like human beings, marsupials and eutherian animals produce such eggs

A

Alecithal egg

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16
Q

Where do primordial germ cells arise from in mammals?

A

Yolk sac endoderm

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17
Q

more than 2 sets of chromosomes may result to Trisomy 21.

A

polyploidy

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18
Q

when the nuclear DNA exists or appear as a grainy material.

A

Chromatin

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19
Q

when the DNA condensed and coiled into X-shaped
form, and the cell is about to divide, and its DNA has been replicated during S phase of interphase.

A

Chromosome

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20
Q

are two identical (sister) copies of chromosome joined together at a region
called a centromere.

A

Chromatids

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21
Q

the proliferative phase wherein the spermatogonial cells multiply by a series of mitotic divisions followed by the meiotic divisions to produce the haploid (n) number of chromosomes.

A

Spermatocytogenesis

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22
Q

the maturation/differentiation of the spermatids while they
are still in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules.

A

spermiohistogenesis

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23
Q

What enzyme does the acrosome of sperm contains to permit penetration into the ovum?

A

Hyaluronidase

24
Q

The powerhouse of the sperm

A

midpiece

25
Q

The release/ migration of matured spermatids into the lumen of the
seminiferous tubules to the efferent duct (epididymis) of the male tract.

A

Spermiation

26
Q

True or false the shape of ovaries for all domestic animals are ellipsoidal including the mares.

A

False - mare ovaries are kidney in shape/

27
Q

A follicle containing the primary oocyte enclosed by a single layer of flat, follicular epithelial cells

A

Primordial follicle

28
Q

a little larger than the primordial follicle, contains the primary
oocyte surrounded by a single layer of cuboidal follicular cells

A

Primary follicle

29
Q

when two or more layers of cuboidal follicular cells surround the
oocyte and with a small or no antrum

A

Secondary follicle

30
Q

a follicle with already a characteristic antrum

A

Tertiary follicle

31
Q

a large, mature follicle containing the secondary
oocyte that bulges from the surface of the ovary

A

Graafian / vesicular / follicle

32
Q

cell membrane intimately enclosing the oocyte

A

Vitelline membrane

33
Q

an acellular layer located between the vitelline membrane of the
oocyte and the follicular cells

A

Zona pellucida

34
Q

squamous follicular cells which become cuboidal as the follicle
matures

A

Granulosa cells

35
Q

Layers of follicular cells directly adjacent to the zona pellucida of
the oocyte

A

Corona radiate

36
Q

mound of granulosa cells on which the oocyte sits

A

Cumulus oophorus

37
Q

a fluid filled cavity of the follicle

A

Antrum

38
Q

fluid inside the antrum secreted by the follicular cells

A

Liquor folliculi

39
Q

development and maturation of follicles

A

folliculogenesis

40
Q

is the process where the matured follicle burst with the liberation of the ovum

A

Ovulation

41
Q

Remnant of the follicle secretes progesterone for maintenance of pregnancy.

A

corpus luteum

42
Q

The functional ovary of chicken.

A

left ovary

43
Q

eggs can be released with or without copulation

A

Spontaneous ovulation

44
Q

requires stimulation from males, i.e. coitus/mating to ensure successful fertilization. Examples are Cats, rabbits, camels, and ferrets

A

Induced ovulation

45
Q

How many spermatozoa is produced per spermatogenesis?

A

4

46
Q

Number of ovum produced per oogenesis

A

1

47
Q

The union of the male and female gametes to form a zygote, takes place in the fallopian tube.

A

Fertilization

48
Q

Sperms are not capable of fertilizing an ovum unless this occurs. The process whereby spermatozoa acquire fertility in the female
reproductive tract.

A

Capacitation

49
Q

Active and viable time of cow spermatozoa

A

1 day

50
Q

Active and viable time of dpg spermatozoa

A

1 week

51
Q

True or false the future sex of the animal is determined largely by the sex chromosomes of the
spermatozoa.

A

True

52
Q

True or False In birds an embryo with XY chromosomes
becomes a female, while that with XX chromosomes becomes a male.

A

True

53
Q

fertilized ovum; formed by union of male and female gametes

A

ZYGOTE

54
Q

an orderly fusion of the spermatozoal plasma membrane and
the outer acrosomal membrane.

A

ACROSOMAL REACTION

55
Q

calcium-triggered reaction of the oocyte cell membrane

A

CORTICAL REACTION

56
Q

A process whereby the zona pellucida undergoes biochemical changes
so that further sperm cannot penetrate it.

A

ZONA BLOCK

57
Q

Reduction of the ability of the oocyte plasma membrane to fuse with additional spermatozoa

A

VITELLINE BLOCK

58
Q

on sex-determining genes; identical in length, size, shape, and gene
sequence

A

Autosomes

Embryology (10 decks)

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