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Embryology > Chapter 4 - Cleavage & Blastulation > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Cleavage & Blastulation Flashcards

1
Q

The series of divisions of the early embryo which occur within the confines of the zona pellucida.

A

cleavage or segmentation

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2
Q

Resulting cells from the cleavage segmentation

A

Blastomeres & Blastoderm

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3
Q

2 types of cleavage

A

Holoblastic & Meroblastic

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4
Q
  • Complete segmentation
  • Cells become subdivided completely into blastomeres
A

Holoblastic cleavage

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5
Q
  • Incomplete segmentation
  • Only a part of the cell is subdivided into blastomeres
A

Meroblastic cleavage

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6
Q

Contains a little yolk material that undergo the segmentation division first.

A

Animal pole

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7
Q

Contains much of the yolk material which is the last to be segmented.

A

Vegetal pole

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8
Q

Where does segmentation division begin, this is also where the blastodisc or embryonic disc is located?

A

Animal pole

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9
Q

Ovum with evenly distributed yolk

A

Isolecithal

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10
Q

ovum in which the yolk is concentrated in the interior of the egg and
the cytoplasm is distributed as a thin coat on the external surface

A

Centrolecithal

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11
Q

ovum in which the amount of yolk present displaces the embryo forming
cytoplasm into a small area at the animal pole.

A

Telolecithal

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12
Q

The 1st cleavage furrow divides the cell LONGITUDINALLY into how many equal cells?

A

2 cells, 2 cell stage

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13
Q

The 2nd cleavage furrow HORIZONTALLY divides the cells into how many equal cells?

A

4 cells, 4 cell stage

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14
Q
  • Ball of cells
  • Cellular mass of embryo
  • occupies perivitelline space
  • means mulberry in Latin
A

Morula

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15
Q

Result of further cleavage division, a compact mass embryo which occupies 60-70% of perivitelline space is called.

A

Compacted morula

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16
Q

Form tight junctions destined to become trophoblast or
trophoectoderm

A

Outer blastomeres

17
Q

Form gap junctions destined to become inner cell mass

A

Inner blastomeres

18
Q

Cavity formed during early blastocyst when fluid accumulates, flattening some blastomeres.

A

Blastocoele

19
Q

The future of the outer cells of blastomeres

A

Trophoblast

20
Q

The future of the inner cells of blastomere which then becomes the embryonic disc.

A

ICM or Inner Cell Mass

21
Q

When the diameter of the embryo dramatically increased with the concurrent thinning of zona pellucida this results to?

A

Expanded blastocyst

22
Q

When zona pellucida ruptures, and the blastocyst leaves the zona pellucida and attaches to uterine mucosa this results to?

A

Hatching blastocyst

23
Q

How many differentiations will the ICM differentiates into?

A

2 cell populations

24
Q

Those facing the blastocyst cavity become flattened and delaminate, forming an
inner cell sheet referred to as the

A

hypoblast

25
Q

The remaining cells form the multilayered

A

epiblast

26
Q

True or False blastocyst elongation do not vary among species of animals.

A

False - blastocyst elongation do vary among animals.

27
Q

What’s the shape of blastocyst elongation for Horses, dogs, cats and rabbits?

A

Round to oval

28
Q

What’s the shape of blastocyst elongation for cattle, sheep, pig?

A

thread-like

29
Q

True or false there’s little expansion or elongation of blastocyst for primates, rodents, and guinea pigs because of blastocyst invasion on the endometrium.

A

True

30
Q

The two regions composing the blastoderm of Avian species.

A

Area pellucida & Area opaca

31
Q

A blastoderm region on Avian species consisting of a thin layer of cells and overlies the subgerminal cavity, and with no yolk material attached.

A

Area pellucida

32
Q

A blastoderm region on Avian species consisting of a layer of large cells and overlies the unaltered yolk.

A

Area opaca

33
Q

Shape of “hatched” blastula for Dogs

A

Pear-shaped

34
Q

Hatched blastula shape for Horse

A

Spherical

35
Q

Hatched blastula shape for cattle, pig and Sheep

A

Elongated apprx. 1cm/hr

Embryology (10 decks)

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