Chapter 10 - Concepts & Mechanisms of Development Flashcards
What are the four developmental processes all interrelated and are usually interdependent that any genetic
or teratogenic insult to any of them may cause a secondary alteration in all of them?
Growth, Cytodifferentiation, Morphogenesis, Patterning
This is the process where the size of a part or the entirety of an organism is increasing its cellular size?
Growth
Growth is not proportionate in all body parts
Allometric Growth
Growth is proportionate
Isometric growth
It is the mechanism by which tissue and organs are shaped.
Morphogenesis
It is the process whereby specialized cell types develop from less specialized ones.
Cytodifferentiation
It is the process whereby embryonic cells organize into tissues and organs
Patterning
This is the event proceeding cytodifferentiation.
Cell commitment
It is the reversible phase
cell specification
This is a irreversible phase
cell determination
It’s the ability of the cells to produce all the differentiated cells in the body
Totipotency
if this fails it may result to non-development of certain tissue or organs.
Tissue interaction
It’s the interaction at close range between two or more cells.
Interaction by induction
it is the group that controls the differentiation of the other group. e.g are the optic vesicles that causes the formation of the surface ectoderm.
Inducing cells
these are the dependent groups
Induced cells
It’s the ability to respond to a specific inductive signal.
Competence
Genetically programmed death of cells in the interdigital zone or necrotic zone for the normal development of the digits.
Apoptosis
It’s the principal intercellular mediators or apoptosis
Caspases
These are the defects or abnormalities which appear at birth caused by errors arising during development. Maybe caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors
Congenital Malformations
True or false defects expressed at a later time of life are also considered congenital.
True
This means that a defect is caused by non-hereditary factors e.g. medicines like thalidomide, angiotensin, acne medication, alcohol and smoking.
extrinsic
True or false Down syndrome is caused by extrinsic factors
False
True or false
Teratogens is an extrinsic factor
True
These are during the critical period of organ system development or during inductive tissue interactions and morphogenesis
Causal Effects
