Chapter 11 - DEVELOPMENT OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 1

Immature neurons which become the structural and functional cells of the central nervous system

Answer 1

Neuroblast

Question 2

Develop into the connective tissue of the CNS called neuroglia.

Answer 2

Spongioblast

Question 3

prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon

Answer 3

Primary brain vesicles

Question 4

telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon,
myelencephalon

Answer 4

Secondary Brain Vesicles

Question 5

Ventral cranial flexure which occurs in the midbrain

Answer 5

Cephalic flexure

Question 6

A gradual ventral bend between the hindbrain and the spinal cord

Answer 6

Cervical flexure

Question 7

A slight dorsal bending in the rhombencephalon.
Inverted arrangement of white and gray matter is brought about by unequal growth of the basal
and alar regions of the brain vesicles.

Answer 7

Pontine flexure

Question 8

from the posterior portion of the neural tube (where there is underlying notochord)

Answer 8

Spinal cord

Question 9

covering of the CNS; composed of pia mater, arachnoid and dura mater; derived from neural crest cells

Answer 9

Meninges

Question 10

gives rise to the nucleus pulposus, a gel-like substance surrounded by annulus fibrosus found between vertebrae

Answer 10

Notochord

Question 11

spaces wherein CSF-secreting choroid plexuses are found

Answer 11

Ventricles

Question 12

consists of cranial and spinal nerves

Answer 12

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 13

sensory

Answer 13

afferent

Question 14

motor

Answer 14

efferent

Question 15

innervating skin and skeletal muscle

Answer 15

somatic

Question 16

innervating vessels and viscera

Answer 16

visceral

Question 17

Becomes the CNS

Answer 17

Neural tube

Question 18

Some of it become pigment cells in skin, neurons, glial cells of PNS, forms mesenchyme.

Answer 18

Neural crest

Question 19

Mesoderm blocks located just lateral to the notochord which induced ______ development

Answer 19

Somites

Question 20

mesenchyme forms less-developed somites, called

Answer 20

somitomeres

Question 21

(ventromedial region) gives rise to vertebrae, ribs, and endochondral bones at the
base of the skull.

Answer 21

Sclerotome

Question 22

(lateral region) gives rise to the dermis of skin

Answer 22

Dermatome

Question 23

(intermediate region) gives rise to skeletal muscles of the body

Answer 23

Myotome

Question 24

True or false the most anterior part of the embryo is the oldest.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Folded endoderm encloses as a _________

Answer 25

blind hindgut

Question 26

In the head region, dorso-ventral arches demarcated by grooves (clefts) appear these arches are called

Answer 26

Pharyngeal Arches

Question 27

Pharybgeal Arches are bounded internally by

Answer 27

pharyngeal pouches

Question 28

gives rise to bone and fascia

Answer 28

ectomesenchyme

Question 29

true or false only the first three pharyngeal arches are externally evident in mammals

Answer 29

true

Question 30

Telencephalon

Answer 30

cerebral cortex; rhinencephalon

Question 31

lateral telocoeles

Answer 31

ventricles 1 and 2

Question 32

openings of lateral telocoeles

Answer 32

Foramina of Monroe

Question 33

Diencephalon

Answer 33

Thalamus

Question 34

Diocele

Answer 34

ventricles 1, 2 & 3

Question 35

Epiphysis

Answer 35

pineal gland

Question 36

Infundibulum

Answer 36

neurohypophysis of pituitary gland

Question 37

optic vesicle

Answer 37

retina of eye

Question 38

Mesencephalon

Answer 38

corpora quadrigemina (superior and inferior colliculi)

Question 39

Mesocoele

Answer 39

cerebral aqueduc

Question 40

Metencephalon

Answer 40

cerebellum; pons

Question 41

Myelencephalon

Answer 41

medulla oblongata

Question 42

Myelocoele

Answer 42

ventricle 4

Question 43

Neural canal

Answer 43

Spinal canal

Question 44

Germinal layer of wall

Answer 44

Ependymal lining of spinal cord

Question 45

Mantle layer of wall

Answer 45

Gray matter/cortex

Question 46

Marginal layer of wall

Answer 46

White matter/medulla

Question 47

failure of cerebellum to develop due to destruction of cerebellar cortex. Generally caused by viral infections like feline panleukopenia in cat and bovine virus diarrhea infection in calf.

Answer 47

Cerebellar hypoplasia and atrophy

Question 48

premature degeneration of Purkinje cell layer of cerebellar cortex.

Answer 48

Cerebellar abiotrophy

Question 49

accumulation of excessive amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the cranial cavity

Answer 49

Hydrocephalus

Question 50

thin walled and greatly enlarged lateral ventricle filled with CSF.

Answer 50

Hydranencephaly

Question 51

general term for a malformation of the spinal cord

Answer 51

Myelodysplasia

Question 52

reduced or absence of development of one or more segments of spinal cord.

Answer 52

Hypoplasia (aplasia)

Question 53

dilation of central canal due to excess accumulation of CSF

Answer 53

Hydromyelia

Question 54

abnormal cavitation of the spinal cord

Answer 54

Syringomyelia

Question 55

2 spinal cords develop beside each other usually in one set or meninges and in one vertebral canal.

Answer 55

Diplomyelia

Question 56

2 spinal cords develop with a partition between them. Usually in separate vertebral canals and have separate meninges

Answer 56

Diastematomyelia

Question 57

cleft in the neural tube cause by failure of this part to close during neurulation.

Answer 57

Myeloschisis

Question 58

protrusion of the meninges through an opening in the vertebral arches to form a cyst beneath the skin.

Answer 58

Meningocoele

Question 59

like menigocoele but both the meninges and the spinal cord protrude

Answer 59

Meningomyelocoele