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Embryology > Chapter 1 - Historical Aspect of Embryology > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Historical Aspect of Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the major subdivision of Anatomy?

A

Microscopic and Macroscopic (Gross) Anatomy

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2
Q

Study of structure and function of cells

A

Cytology

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3
Q

studies the forms and structures of cells, tissues and organs of the body with the aid of a microscope.

A

Histology

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4
Q

This is the study of morphogenesis of the single cell after the union of two cells.

A

Developmental Anatomy

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5
Q

Study of growth and development of fertilized egg inside the reproductive tract.

A

Embryology

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6
Q

This is the formation of body structures and organs. It requires cell division and cell differentiation

A

Embryogenesis

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7
Q

Is used for the development of new individuals by means of asexual reproduction.

A

Blastogenesis

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8
Q

Is the study of the structures big enough to be seen by unaided eye.

A

Gross Anatomy

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9
Q

Deals with the similarity and dissimilarity of structures of
various species of animal.

A

Comparative Anatomy

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10
Q

Focuses on the structures of the organ systems, example digestive, urinary, nervous system.

A

Systemic Anatomy

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11
Q

Branch of anatomy dealing the different regions of the body.

A

Regional Anatomy

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12
Q

Is the early developmental form of an organism, without a definite
recognizable head, body or limbs.

A

embryo

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13
Q

An organism on its advanced development wherein a recognizable bodily form is clearly visible that distinguishes its adult species.

A

fetus

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14
Q

The most critical period during pregnancy or gestation.

A

1st trimester

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15
Q

This is the individual’s entire lifespan (starting as a zygote then the following stages: embryo, fetus, postpartum life as an individual and ends at death)

A

Ontogeny

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16
Q

Defined as the time from fertilization to the earliest
(primordial) stages of organ development (about 30 days in dog, cat, sheep, pig; almost 60 days in horse, cattle, human). It ends when various organs are formed.

A

Embryonic period

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17
Q

The time between the embryonic period and parturition (the end of
gestation), during which organs grow and begin to function.

A

Fetal period

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18
Q

 Embryonic stage
 Fertilization- union of male and female gametes (mature sex cells)
 Cleavage- segmentation division
 Gastrulation- differentiation of the 3 germ layer
 Organogenesis- establishment of the organs
 Postembryonic stage- fetal stage
 Adulthood

A

Stages in the Life Cycle

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19
Q

 Gametogenesis-
 Fertilization
 Cleavage
 Gastrulation
 Organogenesis
 Growth and Histogenesis

A

Phases of Ontogenic Development

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20
Q

Theories of Generation

A

 Preformism: Ovism and Spermism
 Epigenesis
 Phylogenesis

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21
Q

the prevailing view of many scientists and scholars
interested in embryology that organisms develop from miniatures of themselves.

A

Preformism

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22
Q

Proposed that the structure of an animal emerges gradually from a relatively formless egg. First proposed by the Greek philosopher Aristotle.

A

Epigenesis

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23
Q

the theory states that origin and evolution of a species is a continuing process that is measured in several years. Example, the evolution of man
from monkey.

A

Phylogenesis

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24
Q
  • Father of Embryology
    Proposed that all vertebrate embryos pass a stage wherein they are anatomically similar seen in 18 dy dog, 24 dy cow and 48-60 hr chick embryos
A

KARL ERNST VON BAER

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25
Q

 The most influential of the late nineteenth century embryologists
 Often called the ‘Father of Experimental Embryology’

A

WILHELM ROUX

26
Q

Observed that the embryo develops its organ systems gradually. Foetu described and illustrated gross anatomy of embryos and their membranes

A

ARISTOTLE

27
Q

published the first microscopic account of chick development, identifying the neural
groove, somites and blood flow to the yolk sac.

A

MARCELLO MALPIGHI

28
Q

first to observe the blastoderm of the chick embryo and to indicate that blood islands form before the heart does.

A

WILLIAM HARVEY

29
Q

Made the first description of the germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm) in the chick; Organs were not formed from a single germ layer

A

CHRISTIAN PANDER

30
Q

cells that give rise to all tissues and organs of the body.

A

Germ layer

31
Q

Gives rise to the epidermis, nervous tissue and some skeletal and connective tissue of the head. Outermost or upper layer of cells

A

ECTODERM

32
Q

The middle layer of cells. Forms most of the muscles and skeletal tissues, urogenital system and the heart and
blood vessels.

A

MESODERM

33
Q

Deepest or innermost layer of cells that lines the digestive, respiratory tract and those organs associated to digestion

A

ENDODERM

34
Q

Precursor of all connective and muscle tissues and is component of all organs except the CNS

A

MESENCHYME

35
Q

Branch of embryology that deals with the causes and results of abnormal
development or congenital malformation. a group of loosely and irregularly arranged cells separated by a large amount of extracellular matrix.

A

Teratology

36
Q

abnormality that arises during prenatal development due to hereditary or environmental factors.

A

Congenital malformation or congenital defect

37
Q

congenital defect caused by disturbance of development of an organ
or portion of an organ.

A

Anomaly

38
Q

congenital defect caused by disturbance of development of several organs and causes great distortion of the individual.

A

Monstrosity

39
Q

single layer or several layers of cells that rest on a basal lamina; cells are closely joined together at their lateral surfaces.

A

Epithelium

40
Q

a tissue which connects and supports other tissues of the body, such as adipose tissue, tendons, ligaments, cartilage and bone.

A

Connective Tissue

41
Q

pertains to the back

A

Dorsal

42
Q

the belly

A

Ventral

43
Q

the head

A

Cephalic

44
Q

the tail

A

Caudal

45
Q

the middle part

A

Medial

46
Q

the side of the embryonic body

A

Lateral

47
Q

is used to refer to the extreme anterior
portion of the head or the relative location of
intracephalic structures such as the various parts of
the brain

A

Rostral

48
Q

Toward the
back

A

dorsad

49
Q

toward the head

A

cephalad

50
Q

which is covered by a layer of ectodermal epithelium which will become the
epidermis of the skin

A

Body

51
Q

an elongated hollow structure derived from ectoderm and located
beneath the ectodermal epithelium which runs along the dorsal midline of the
body

A

Neural tube

52
Q

forebrain

A

prosencephalon

53
Q

midbrain

A

mesencephalon

54
Q

hindbrain

A

rhombencephalon

55
Q

another hollow tube that run the length of the embryo near the ventral midline and gives rise to the digestive tract.

A

Gut tube

56
Q

a segmented portion of the mesoderm located on either side of the neural tube.

A

Paraxial mesoderm

57
Q

a longitudinal rod of mesodermal cells located beneath the neural tube
that extends from the midbrain to the tail. It will not give rise to any adult structure in vertebrate embryos although in lower forms of fishes, it gives rise to the axial
skeleton.

A

Notochord

58
Q

a small cluster of mesodermal cells located lateral to the paraxial mesoderm it gives rise to the embryonic kidneys, and the gonads

A

Intermediate mesoderm

59
Q

a layer of mesodermal cells located lateral to the intermediate mesoderm.

A

Lateral mesoderm

60
Q

first seen as a slightly curved tube located in the ventral midline of the
embryo beneath the caudal part of the pharynx.

A

Heart

61
Q

include the ventral aorta, aortic arches, dorsal aortae, vitelline (or omphalomesenteric) arteries and allantoic (or umbilical) arteries.

A

Arteries

62
Q

include the cranial and caudal cardinal veins,
the common cardinal veins, vitelline veins and
allantoic veins.

A

Veins

Embryology (10 decks)

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