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OAT- Biology > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Human Taxonomy Categories

A

Domain: Eukarya, Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Subphylum: Vertebrata, Class: Mammalia, Order: Primates, Family: Hominidae

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2
Q

Animalia

A

No cell walls, Sexual w diploid multicellular form only, amoeboid or flagellar movement, (+) arrangement of microtubules, chemohetero ingestive, mammals

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3
Q

Chordata

A

Posses notochord, dorsal hollow nerve chord, and pharyngeal gill silts at some point in embryonic development

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4
Q

Vertebrata

A

Bilateral symmetry, cephalization, endoskeleton w vertebral column, four limbs (or fins), 2 to 4 chambered heart and closed circulatory system|Respiratory system, excretory system wkidneys, mostly separate sexes

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5
Q

Mammalia

A

hair, - limbs, -chambered heart, diaphragm for resp., mammary glands, internal fertilization, some have placental development

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6
Q

Primates

A

well-developed cerebral cortex, opposable thumbs, omnivorous, forward-facing eyes

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7
Q

Hominidae

A

erect posture, intelligence, long period of parental care, cooperation

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8
Q

Domain Archea

A

circular genomes and no membrane-bound organelles. Does not posses a cell wall

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9
Q

Domain Bacteria

A

Most prokaryotes fall into this category. Small and have a single circular genome and no membrane bound organelles|Eubacteria have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan

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10
Q

Cyanobacteria

A

these plant like prokaryotes have chlorophyll and perform photosynthesis

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11
Q

Algae

A

Plant like , photosynthetic protists. Primary photosynthetic producer of organic material|All algae contain chlorophyll a

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12
Q

Protozoa

A

Animal-like ingestive protists|Amoebas, zoo-flagellates and ciliophores

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13
Q

Phylum Myxomycota (Fungus Like Prostits)

A

Slime molds, in their feeding stage they consists of a large ameboid mass known as a plasmodium

Plasmodium- multinucleate mass of cytoplasm that is not divided by membranes

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14
Q

Phylum Acrasiomycota (Fungus Like-Protists)

A

Cellular slime molds, at the feeding stage the plasmodium remains with each nucleus in its own membrane bound cell

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15
Q

Phylum Oomycota (Fungus Like-Protists)

A

Water molds, a large egg is fertilized by smaller sperm cells|white rusts, mildew and water molds

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16
Q

Division Zygomycota (Kingdom Fungi)

A

Fungi that live on decaying plant and animal matter. Eat decaying plant and animal matter

Reproduce asexually unless food supply is gone, then reproduce with organism that has food. Spores resist unfavorable conditions and will reactivate when conditions become favorable

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17
Q

Division Ascomyocta (Kingdom Fungi)

A

Sac fungi, range from unicellular yeast o elaborate multicellular structures (truffles and cup fungi)|Reproduce sexually through sac like spores called asci. They reproduce asexually through naked spores called conidia

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18
Q

Division Basidiomyciota (Kingdom Fungi)

A

Important decomposers of wood and other plant material. Sexual reproduction through fruiting bodies known as basidocarps|Puffballs, mushrooms, shelf fungi and rusts

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19
Q

Divison Bryophyta (Kingdom plantae)

A

Mosses. Plants that grow in tight packs known as mats. Root like filaments called rhizoids. Utilizes alternations of haploid and diploid generations|Nonvascular plants

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20
Q

Divison Hepatophyta (Kingdom plantae)

A

Liverworts. use gemmae (small bundles of cells) to reproduce asexually|Nonvascular plants

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21
Q

Division Anthocerophyta (Kingdom plantae)

A

Hornworts. Contain only a single large chloroplast. Contain elongated capsules growing out of their gametophytes that resemble horns|Nonvascular plants

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22
Q

Divison Psiliphyta (Kingdom plantae)

A

Whiskfern. Plants lack both true roots and leaves|Vascular seedless plants

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23
Q

Divison Lycophyta (Kingdom plantae)

A

Lycopods. Many species live as epiphytes (plants that grown on other plants but are no parasites), others grow close to the ground|Vascular seedless plants

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24
Q

Divison Sphenophta (Kingdom plantae)

A

Horsetails. Plants that live in damp locations in North America and are homosporous (a single spore gives rise to a bisexual gametophyte)|Vascular seedless plants

25
Q

Divison Pterophyta (Kingdom plantae)

A

Ferns. Most extensive of seedless vascular plants. Dominant stage of life cycle is the sporophyte

26
Q

Division Coniferophyta (Kingdom plantae)

A

Large trees. Use cones as reproductive structures. Dominant stage in life cycle is the sporophyte.|Pines, firs, spruce, cedar and redwoods|Gymnosperms seed plants

27
Q

Division Cycadophyta (Kingdom plantae)

A

Cycads. Naked seeds on the scales of cones. Resemble palms.|Gymnosperm seed plants

28
Q

Division Gingakophyta (Kingdom plantae)

A

Gingkos. Deciduous plants (leaves turn gold in autumn. Unusual trait for a gymnosperm seed plant.

29
Q

DIvision Gnetophyta (Kingdom plantae)

A

Welwitschia (have the largest known leaves), Gnetum (tropical trees and vines), and Ephedra (desert shrubs)|Gymnosperm seed plant

30
Q

Division Anthophyta (Kingdom plantae)

A

Flowering plants. Angiosperms

31
Q

Class monocotlyedones (Division Anthophyta)

A

monocots, plants have a single seed leaf.|includes grass, bamboos, palms, lilies, orchids and yuccas

32
Q

Class Dicotyledones (Division Anthophyta)

A

plants with two seed leafs (cotlyedons)|Includes roses, sunflowers, beans, oaks and maples

33
Q

Phylum Porifera (Kingdom Animalia)

A

Sponges are filter-feeders and most are hermaphroditic

34
Q

Phylum Cnidaria (Kingdom Animalia)

A

Diploblastic and posses a central gastrovascular cavity. Radial symmetry.|Class Hydrozoa (hydrozoans, alternate between polyp and medusa forms), Class Scyphozoa (jellyfishes, the medusa from prevails)|Class Anthozoa ( sea anemones and corals, occur only as polyps)

35
Q

Phylum Ctenophora (Kingdom Animalia)

A

Comb jellies, most have a pair of long tentacles, only about a species.

36
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes (Kingdom Animalia)

A

Flatworms. Live in marine water and terrestrial environments. Flattened dorsoventrally and exist in both free living and parasitic forms.|Exhibit bilateral symmetry and cephalization and lack of body activities.

37
Q

Class Turbellaria (Phylum Platyhelminthes)

A

Free living flatworms. Most are marine, their excretory apparatus is made of flame cells

38
Q

Class Tematoda (Phylum Platyhelminthes)

A

Flukes. Parasites that attach to their hosts via suckers

39
Q

Class cestoda (Phylum Platyhelminthes)

A

Tape worm. Parasite that usually lives in vertebrates. Their head (scolex) has many suckers or hooks.

40
Q

Phylum Nermetea (Kingdom Animalia)

A

Proboscis worms. Posses both simple blood vascular system and a complete digestive tract. These ribbon worms are acoelomates.

41
Q

Phylum Rotifera (Kingdom Animalia)

A

Live in fresh water, sea water and soil. Pseudocelomates and posses a complete digestive tract.|Cilia surrounds the mouth and serves to draw water inside. Reproduce via parthenogenesis (females arise from underutilized eggs

42
Q

Phylum Nematoda (Kingdom Animalia)

A

Round Worms. Inhabit bodies of water, soil, plants and the tissues of other animals. Reproduce sexually. Many are parasites of plants or animals

43
Q

Phylums Mollusca (Kingdom Animalia)

A

Bodies of mollusk are made up of three main parts: the muscular foot, the visceral mass (contains internal organs) and the mantle (secretes shell)|Do not demonstrate true segmentation

44
Q

Class Polyplachophora (Phyllum Mollusca)

A

Chitons. Oval marine animals with segmented shells.|Grazers that ingest algae

45
Q

Class Gastropoda (Phyllum Mollusca)

A

Exhibit torsion, one side of the visceral Gastropoda secret spiral shells. (snails, slugs, abalones, nudibranchs and limpets)

46
Q

Class Bivalia (Phyllum Mollusca)

A

Shells are divided into two halves. Most are suspension feeders, using their gills for the filtering of food particles.|Clams, oysters, muscles and scallops.

47
Q

Class Cephalopoda (Phylum Mollusca)

A

squids and octopuses|have reduced or missing shell. Only nautiluses posses external shells.|carnivores that move much faster than other mollusks. only ones that posses a closed circulatory system

48
Q

Phylum Phoronida (Kingdom Animalia)

A

tube dwelling worms that inhabit the ocean

49
Q

Phylum Bryozoa (Kingdom Animalia)

A

important in the building of reefs. Colonial animals that are encased in tough exoskeletons

50
Q

Phylum Branchiopoda (Kingdom Animalia)

A

Lamp shells. Marine animals that resemble bivalves. They attach to the substratum by the stalk

51
Q

Phylum Annelida (Kingdom Animalia)

A

Segmented works. Digestive tract is well developed and it pisses a closed circulatory system|class oligocheta (represented by earthworms), class polychate (segments have a pair of paradoia function in gas exchange and locomotion marine animal)|class hirudinea (leeches, live in fresh water. Feed on invertebrates, or may be blood sucking parasites

52
Q

Phylum Arthropoda (Kingdom Animalia)

A

segmented with a hard exoskeleton and jointed appendages. Must shed their exoskeleton and synthesize a new on to grow.|Circulatory system is open and filled with hemolymph

53
Q

Phylum Onychophora (Kingdom Animalia)

A

walking worms, segmented and have cuticles made from chitin

54
Q

Phylum Echinodermata (kingdom animalia)

A

sessile or slow moving and exhibit radial symmetry. Water vascular system that ends in tube feet. Calcareous endoskeleton is covered by thick skin

55
Q

Phylum Chordata (Kingdom Animalia)

A

All chordates posses (1) a notochord (2) a dorsal hollow nerve chord (3) pharyngeal gill slits (4) a muscular postanal tail

56
Q

Earth’s early environment was

A

A reducing environment; where electron donors were prevalent

57
Q

Abiotic synthesis

A

Metal ions on the surface of rocks and especially clay acted as catalyst when no enzymes were present

Polypeptides made this way are called proteinoids

58
Q

Ecology

A

The study of organisms and their interactions with their environments

OAT- Biology (10 decks)

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