Chapter 7 Flashcards
erythropoietin (EPO)
a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow
medulla
tuỷ
hilum
rốn thận
trigone
tam giác bàng quang
reservoir
\ˈrez-ə(r)v-ˌwär\
a space in which a body fluid is stored
medulla
marrow
hilum
rốn thận
peristaltic
nhu động ruột
voiding
urination
the process of expelling urine through the urethra
glomerulus
glomeruli plural
tiểu cầu thận
glomerular capsule
Bowman capsule
calyx
calyces plural
đài thận
tubule
\ˈtü-(ˌ)byül, ˈtyü-\
small tube
catheter
tube for injection or removing fluids
cortex
outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney
cortical
pertaining to the cortex
creatinine
nitrogenous waste excreted in urine,
creatinine clearance
a measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing (clearing) creatinine from the blood
electrolyte
the kidneys maintain the proper balance ò electrolytes and water in the blood. Potassium (K+) and soldium (Na+) are electrolytes
filtration
process wherby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter. In the kidney, blood pressure forcces materials through the filter (glomerulus). About 180 quarts of fluid are filtered from the blood daily, but the kidney returns 98% to 99% of the waiter and salts. Only about 1(1/2) quarts
glomerular capsule
enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus. The glomerular capsule is also known as Bowman capsule and it collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus.
micturition
urination
glomerulus
tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in the kidney.
hilum
depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave
kidney
one of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine.
meatus
opening or canal
medulla
inner region of an organ. The renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney (medullary means pertaining to the medulla)
nephron
combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney. It is the functional unit of the kidney unit of the kidney, each capable of forming urine by itself. There are about 1 million nephrons in a kidney.
nitrogenous waste
substance containing nitrogen and excreted
arteriole
small artery
calyx or calix
plural: calyces or calices
cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis
catheter
tube for injecting or removing fluids.
cortex
outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney (cortical means pertaining to the cortex)
creatinine
nitrogenous waste excreted in urine. Creatinine clearance is a measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing (clearing) creatinine from the blood.
electrolyte
chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. Electrolytes are necessary for functioning of muscles and nerves. The kidneys maintain the proper balance of electrolytes and water in the blood. Potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) are electrolytes.
erythropoietin (EPO)
Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow. -poietin means a substance that forms
filtration
process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter. In the kidney, blood pressure forces materials through the filter (glomerulus). About 180 quarts of fluid are filterd from the blood daily, but the kidney returns 98% to 99% of the water and salts. Only about 1.5 quarts (1500mL) of urine are excreted daily.
glomerular capsule
enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus. The glomerular capsule is also known as Bowman capsule and it collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus.
glomerulus (plural: glomeruli)
tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney
hilum
depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave.
kidney
one of two beans-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to from urine.
meatus
opening or canal
medulla
inner region of an organ. The renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney (medullary means pt the medulla)
nephron
combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion tale place in the kidney. It is the functional unit of the kidney, each capable of forming urine by itself . There are about 1 million nephrons in a kidney.
nitrogenous waste
substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine.
potassium (K+)
An electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood. Potassium is essential for allowing muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses.
reabsorption
process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream.
renal artery
blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney.
renal pelvis
central collecting region in the kidney.
renal tubule
microscopic tubes in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration.
renal vein
blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart.
renin
hormone secreted nu the kidney; it raises blood pressire by the kidneys; needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions.
trigone
triangular area in the urinary bladder.
urea
majornitrohenous waste excreted in urine.
ureter
one of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
urethra
tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
uric acid
nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine.
urinary bladder
hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine.
urination
micturition
process of expelling urine
paranephric
pt near the kidney
nephropathy
disease of the kidney
nephroptosis
drooping of a kidney (sa thận)
nephrolithotomy
incision percutaneous into the kidney to remove a stone.
hydronephrosis
thận ứ nước
obstruction of urine flow may be caused by renal, calculi, compression of the ureter by tumor, or hyperlasia of the prostate gland ar the base of the bladder in males.
nephrostomy
surgical opening to the outside of the body (from the renal pelvis). This is necessary when a ureter becomes obstructed and the obstruction cannot be removed easily. The renal pelvis becomes distended with urine (hydronephrosis), making nephrostomy necessary.
distended
căng, trướng
hydroureter
caused by a stone in the distal part of the ureter.
pyelo
renal pelvis
pyelolithotomy
removal of a stone in the renal pelvis.
reno
kidney
renal ischemia
holding back blood from the kidney.
renal colic
cơn đau sỏi thận
colic is intermittent spasms of pain caused by inflammation and distention of an organ. In renal colic, pain results from calculi in the kidney or ureter.
trigono
trigone (region of the bladder)
uretero
ureter
ureteroplasty
surgical repair of ureters
ureteroileostomy
after cystectomy, the urologic surgeon forms a pouch from a segment
urethro
urethra
vesico
urinary bladder
intravesical
pt into urinary bladder
vesicoureteral reflux
reflux from vesico to ureter.
albumino
albumin (a protein in the blood)
albuminuria
protein in urine
microalbuminuria
leakage of very small amounts of albumin through the glomeruli.
azoto
nitrogen
azotemia
abnormal condition of nitrogen in the blood.
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
bacterio
bacteria
bacteriurea
condition of bacteria in urine.
UTI
urinary tract infection.
dipso
thirst
polydipsia
condition of much thirst
a sign of diabetes insidipus or diabetes mellitus.
kalo
potassium
hyperkalemia
potassium accumulates in blood when the kidneys fail.
keto, ketono
ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)
ketosis
condition of ketone bodies in blood.
litho
stone
nephrolithiasis
condition of stone in the urinary bladder
natro
sodium
hyponatremia
diluting the amount of salt in the body.
nocto
night
nocturia
frequent, excessive urination at night.
oligo
scanty
oliguria
scanty of urine
-poietin
substance that forms
erythropoietin
substance that form red blood cell
pyo
pus
pyuria
pus in urine
-tripsy
crushing
lithotripsy
crushing
lithotripsy
crushing stone
uro
urine
uremia
condition of urea in blood
enuresis
bed-wetting
diuresis
excessive amount of urine
diuretics
chất lợi niệu
they induce increased excretion of urine
antidiuretic hormone
hormone kháng lợi niệu
urinary incontinence
tiểu không tự chủ
loss of control of the passage of urine from the bladder.
stress incontinence
occurs with strain on the bladder opening during coughing or sneezing.
tiểu xón
urgency incontinence
occurs with inability to hold back urination when feeling the urge to void
tiểu gấp.
urinary retention
the outflow of urine from the bladder is blocked
bí tiểu
-uria
urination; urine condition
dysuria
difficulty in urination
anuria
no urine
hematuria
blood in the urine
glycosuria
a sign of diabetes mellitus
polyuria
đi tiểu nhiều lần.
