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language of medicine > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

erythropoietin (EPO)

A

a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow

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2
Q

medulla

A

tuỷ

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3
Q

hilum

A

rốn thận

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4
Q

trigone

A

tam giác bàng quang

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5
Q

reservoir

\ˈrez-ə(r)v-ˌwär\

A

a space in which a body fluid is stored

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6
Q

medulla

A

marrow

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7
Q

hilum

A

rốn thận

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8
Q

peristaltic

A

nhu động ruột

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9
Q

voiding

A

urination

the process of expelling urine through the urethra

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10
Q

glomerulus

glomeruli plural

A

tiểu cầu thận

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11
Q

glomerular capsule

A

Bowman capsule

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12
Q

calyx

calyces plural

A

đài thận

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13
Q

tubule

\ˈtü-(ˌ)byül, ˈtyü-\

A

small tube

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14
Q

catheter

A

tube for injection or removing fluids

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15
Q

cortex

A

outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney

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16
Q

cortical

A

pertaining to the cortex

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17
Q

creatinine

A

nitrogenous waste excreted in urine,

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18
Q

creatinine clearance

A

a measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing (clearing) creatinine from the blood

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19
Q

electrolyte

A

the kidneys maintain the proper balance ò electrolytes and water in the blood. Potassium (K+) and soldium (Na+) are electrolytes

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20
Q

filtration

A

process wherby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter. In the kidney, blood pressure forcces materials through the filter (glomerulus). About 180 quarts of fluid are filtered from the blood daily, but the kidney returns 98% to 99% of the waiter and salts. Only about 1(1/2) quarts

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21
Q

glomerular capsule

A

enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus. The glomerular capsule is also known as Bowman capsule and it collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus.

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22
Q

micturition

A

urination

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23
Q

glomerulus

A

tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in the kidney.

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24
Q

hilum

A

depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave

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25
Q

kidney

A

one of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine.

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26
Q

meatus

A

opening or canal

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27
Q

medulla

A

inner region of an organ. The renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney (medullary means pertaining to the medulla)

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28
Q

nephron

A

combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney. It is the functional unit of the kidney unit of the kidney, each capable of forming urine by itself. There are about 1 million nephrons in a kidney.

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29
Q

nitrogenous waste

A

substance containing nitrogen and excreted

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30
Q

arteriole

A

small artery

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31
Q

calyx or calix

plural: calyces or calices

A

cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis

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32
Q

catheter

A

tube for injecting or removing fluids.

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33
Q

cortex

A

outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney (cortical means pertaining to the cortex)

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34
Q

creatinine

A

nitrogenous waste excreted in urine. Creatinine clearance is a measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing (clearing) creatinine from the blood.

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35
Q

electrolyte

A

chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. Electrolytes are necessary for functioning of muscles and nerves. The kidneys maintain the proper balance of electrolytes and water in the blood. Potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) are electrolytes.

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36
Q

erythropoietin (EPO)

A

Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow. -poietin means a substance that forms

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37
Q

filtration

A

process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter. In the kidney, blood pressure forces materials through the filter (glomerulus). About 180 quarts of fluid are filterd from the blood daily, but the kidney returns 98% to 99% of the water and salts. Only about 1.5 quarts (1500mL) of urine are excreted daily.

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38
Q

glomerular capsule

A

enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus. The glomerular capsule is also known as Bowman capsule and it collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus.

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39
Q

glomerulus (plural: glomeruli)

A

tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney

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40
Q

hilum

A

depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave.

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41
Q

kidney

A

one of two beans-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to from urine.

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42
Q

meatus

A

opening or canal

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43
Q

medulla

A

inner region of an organ. The renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney (medullary means pt the medulla)

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44
Q

nephron

A

combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion tale place in the kidney. It is the functional unit of the kidney, each capable of forming urine by itself . There are about 1 million nephrons in a kidney.

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45
Q

nitrogenous waste

A

substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine.

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46
Q

potassium (K+)

A

An electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood. Potassium is essential for allowing muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses.

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47
Q

reabsorption

A

process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream.

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48
Q

renal artery

A

blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney.

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49
Q

renal pelvis

A

central collecting region in the kidney.

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50
Q

renal tubule

A

microscopic tubes in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration.

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51
Q

renal vein

A

blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart.

52
Q

renin

A

hormone secreted nu the kidney; it raises blood pressire by the kidneys; needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions.

53
Q

trigone

A

triangular area in the urinary bladder.

54
Q

urea

A

majornitrohenous waste excreted in urine.

55
Q

ureter

A

one of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

56
Q

urethra

A

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.

57
Q

uric acid

A

nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine.

58
Q

urinary bladder

A

hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine.

59
Q

urination

A

micturition

process of expelling urine

60
Q

paranephric

A

pt near the kidney

61
Q

nephropathy

A

disease of the kidney

62
Q

nephroptosis

A

drooping of a kidney (sa thận)

63
Q

nephrolithotomy

A

incision percutaneous into the kidney to remove a stone.

64
Q

hydronephrosis

A

thận ứ nước
obstruction of urine flow may be caused by renal, calculi, compression of the ureter by tumor, or hyperlasia of the prostate gland ar the base of the bladder in males.

65
Q

nephrostomy

A

surgical opening to the outside of the body (from the renal pelvis). This is necessary when a ureter becomes obstructed and the obstruction cannot be removed easily. The renal pelvis becomes distended with urine (hydronephrosis), making nephrostomy necessary.

66
Q

distended

A

căng, trướng

67
Q

hydroureter

A

caused by a stone in the distal part of the ureter.

68
Q

pyelo

A

renal pelvis

69
Q

pyelolithotomy

A

removal of a stone in the renal pelvis.

70
Q

reno

A

kidney

71
Q

renal ischemia

A

holding back blood from the kidney.

72
Q

renal colic

A

cơn đau sỏi thận
colic is intermittent spasms of pain caused by inflammation and distention of an organ. In renal colic, pain results from calculi in the kidney or ureter.

73
Q

trigono

A

trigone (region of the bladder)

74
Q

uretero

A

ureter

75
Q

ureteroplasty

A

surgical repair of ureters

76
Q

ureteroileostomy

A

after cystectomy, the urologic surgeon forms a pouch from a segment

77
Q

urethro

A

urethra

78
Q

vesico

A

urinary bladder

79
Q

intravesical

A

pt into urinary bladder

80
Q

vesicoureteral reflux

A

reflux from vesico to ureter.

81
Q

albumino

A

albumin (a protein in the blood)

82
Q

albuminuria

A

protein in urine

83
Q

microalbuminuria

A

leakage of very small amounts of albumin through the glomeruli.

84
Q

azoto

A

nitrogen

85
Q

azotemia

A

abnormal condition of nitrogen in the blood.

86
Q

BUN

A

blood urea nitrogen

87
Q

bacterio

A

bacteria

88
Q

bacteriurea

A

condition of bacteria in urine.

89
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection.

90
Q

dipso

A

thirst

91
Q

polydipsia

A

condition of much thirst

a sign of diabetes insidipus or diabetes mellitus.

92
Q

kalo

A

potassium

93
Q

hyperkalemia

A

potassium accumulates in blood when the kidneys fail.

94
Q

keto, ketono

A

ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)

95
Q

ketosis

A

condition of ketone bodies in blood.

96
Q

litho

A

stone

97
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

condition of stone in the urinary bladder

98
Q

natro

A

sodium

99
Q

hyponatremia

A

diluting the amount of salt in the body.

100
Q

nocto

A

night

101
Q

nocturia

A

frequent, excessive urination at night.

102
Q

oligo

A

scanty

103
Q

oliguria

A

scanty of urine

104
Q

-poietin

A

substance that forms

105
Q

erythropoietin

A

substance that form red blood cell

106
Q

pyo

A

pus

107
Q

pyuria

A

pus in urine

108
Q

-tripsy

A

crushing

109
Q

lithotripsy

A

crushing

110
Q

lithotripsy

A

crushing stone

111
Q

uro

A

urine

112
Q

uremia

A

condition of urea in blood

113
Q

enuresis

A

bed-wetting

114
Q

diuresis

A

excessive amount of urine

115
Q

diuretics

A

chất lợi niệu

they induce increased excretion of urine

116
Q

antidiuretic hormone

A

hormone kháng lợi niệu

117
Q

urinary incontinence

A

tiểu không tự chủ

loss of control of the passage of urine from the bladder.

118
Q

stress incontinence

A

occurs with strain on the bladder opening during coughing or sneezing.
tiểu xón

119
Q

urgency incontinence

A

occurs with inability to hold back urination when feeling the urge to void
tiểu gấp.

120
Q

urinary retention

A

the outflow of urine from the bladder is blocked

bí tiểu

121
Q

-uria

A

urination; urine condition

122
Q

dysuria

A

difficulty in urination

123
Q

anuria

A

no urine

124
Q

hematuria

A

blood in the urine

125
Q

glycosuria

A

a sign of diabetes mellitus

126
Q

polyuria

A

đi tiểu nhiều lần.

language of medicine (9 decks)

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