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language of medicine > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

gelatinous substance

[juh-LAT-n-uh s]

A

chất gel

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2
Q

cell membrane

A

structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell.
màng tế bào

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3
Q

nucleus

A

Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.
nhân tế bào

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4
Q

Chromosomes

A

rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of the DNA called genes. There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells, which contain only 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes.
NST

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5
Q

rod-like

A

hình que

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6
Q

spermatozoom

/spɜrˌmæt əˈzoʊ ən/

A

sperm

plural: spermatozoa

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7
Q

unpaired chromosomes`

A

NST đơn

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8
Q

sequence

A

chuỗi

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9
Q

synthesis

[SIN-thuh-sis]

A

tổng hợp

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10
Q

karyotype

A

a photograph of an individual’s chromosomes, arranged by size, shape and number
NST đồ

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11
Q

obstetrician

[ob-sti-TRISH-uh n]

A

bs sản khoa

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12
Q

amniocentesis

[am-nee-oh-sen-TEE-sis]

A

chọc dò dịch ói

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13
Q

sac

A

túi

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14
Q

trisomy

A

hiện tượng thể 3

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15
Q

cytoplasm

A

tương bào

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16
Q

apparatus

[ap-uh-RAT-uh s]

A

hệ thống, bộ máy

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17
Q

mitochondria
singular: mitochondrion
/ˌmaɪ təˈkɒn dri ən/

A

structures in the cytoplasm in which foods are burned to release energy. Catabolism takes place in mitochondria.
ti thể

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18
Q

sausage-shaped

A

hình xúc xích

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19
Q

power plant

A

nhà máy

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20
Q

catabolism

A

process of breaking down complex materials (foods) to form simpler substances
dị hóa

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21
Q

cata-

A

down

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22
Q

-bol-

A

to cast

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23
Q

-ism

A

process

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24
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

structure (canals) within each chromosome. Site in which large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces. Anabolism takes place on the ribosomes of the endoplasmic reticulum.
lưới nội bào

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25
Q

canal

/kəˈnæl/

A

ống

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26
Q

anabolism

[uh-nab-uh-liz-uh m]

A

Process of building up complex materials (proteins) from simple materials. Anabolism occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell
đồng hóa

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27
Q

ana-

A

up

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28
Q

-bol-

A

to cast

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29
Q

-ism

A

process

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30
Q

metabolism

A

the total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism
chuyển hóa

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31
Q

meta-

A

change

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32
Q

-bol-

A

to cast

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33
Q

-ism

A

process

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34
Q

accumulate

v

A

tích tụ, gom góp lại

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35
Q

cytoplasm

A

all the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane.
tế bào chất

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36
Q

slender

A

mỏng manh

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37
Q

individual

A

riêng lẻ

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38
Q

fiber

A

sợi

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39
Q

epithelial cells

A

skin cells that cover the external body surface and line the internal surfaces of organs
biểu mô

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40
Q

nerve cell

A

mô thần kinh

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41
Q

thel/o

A

the breast nipple

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42
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

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43
Q

histologist

A

nhà nghiên cứu mô

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44
Q

voluntary muscle

A

cơ vân

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45
Q

involuntary muscle

A

cơ trơn

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46
Q

cardiac muscle

A

cơ tim

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47
Q

ultrasound scan

A

siêu âm

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48
Q

fetus

/ˈfi təs/

A

phôi, thai

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49
Q

glandular epithenal tissue

[GLAN-juh-ler]

A

biểu mô tuyến

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50
Q

glandular

A

pt gland

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51
Q

adipose

[AD-uh-pohs]

A

fat

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52
Q

cartilage

A

flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints.
sụn
e.g. it surrounds the trachea and form part of the external ear and nose

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53
Q

elastic

A

đàn hồi

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54
Q

fibrous tissue

A

mô sợi

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55
Q

impulse

A

xung lực

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56
Q

viscera

A

nội tạng

singular: viscus

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57
Q

abdominal viscera

A

organs located in the abdomen

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58
Q

pancreas

A

tụy

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59
Q

spleen

A

lá lách

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60
Q

galbladder

A

túi mật

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61
Q

esophagus

[ih-sof-uh-guh s]

A

thực quản

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62
Q

digest

v

A

tiêu hóa

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63
Q

digestive system

A

the organs that have as their particular function the ingestion, digestion, and absorption of food or nutritive elements.

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64
Q

pharynx

A

throat. It serves as the common passageway for food (from the mouth going to the esophagus) and air (from the nose to the trachea)

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65
Q

esophagus

[ih-SOF-uh-guh s]

A

thực quản

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66
Q

excretory

A

urinary

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67
Q

respiratory system

[RES-per-uh-tawr-ee]

A

hệ hô hấp

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68
Q

larynx

A

voice box; located ar the upper part of the trachea

thanh quản

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69
Q

trachea

A

“windpipe” (tube leading from the throat to the bronchial tubes).
khí quản

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70
Q

bronchial tubes

A

phế quản

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71
Q

lungs

A

where the exchange of gases takes place.

phổi

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72
Q

ureter

A

niệu quản

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73
Q

urethra

A

niệu đạo

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74
Q

uterus

A

womb

tử cung

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75
Q

ovary

A

buồng trứng

76
Q

fallopian tubes

A

vòi trứng

77
Q

mammary gland

A

an aggregation of cells specialized to secrete or excrete materials not related to their ordinary metabolic needs. Glands are divided into two main groups, endocrine and exocrine.
tuyến vú

78
Q

testes

A

tinh hoàn

plural of testis

79
Q

associated tubes

A

ống sinh tinh

80
Q

thyroid gland

A

surround the trachea in the neck

tuyến giáp

81
Q

pituitary gland

A

at the base of the brain

tuyến yên

82
Q

parathyroid gland

A

tuyến cận giáp

83
Q

spinal cord

A

cột sống

84
Q

collections of nerves

A

tập hợp TK

85
Q

circulatory system

A

hệ tuần hoàn

86
Q

capillary

A

mao mạch

87
Q

lymphatic vessels and nodes

A

các mạch và hạch bạch huyết

88
Q

nodes

89
Q

thymus gland

A

tuyến ức

90
Q

sebaceus (oil) glands

A

tuyến nhờn

91
Q

body cavity

A

a space within the body that contains internal organs

92
Q

cranial cavity

A

khoang sọ

93
Q

thoracic cavity

A

khoang ngực

94
Q

abdominal cavity

A

khoang bụng

95
Q

pelvic cavity

A

khoang chậu

96
Q

spinal cavity

A

khoang tủy sống

97
Q

fold

A

nếp nhăn

98
Q

pleura

A

màng phổi

99
Q

mediastnum

A

trung thất

100
Q

embryo

A

phôi, phôi thai

101
Q

epi-

A

the tissue

102
Q

rectum

A

trực tràng

103
Q

peritoneum

/ˌpɛr ɪ tnˈi əm/

A

the double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity on either side of the backbone.
phúc mạc

104
Q

retroperitoneal area

A

behind the abdominal cavity on either side of the backbone.

105
Q

umbilicus

106
Q

hypochondriac

A

pt da region below the cartilage

107
Q

umbilicus

108
Q

inguinal

A

pt the groin

109
Q

groin

110
Q

appendix

A

ruột thừa

111
Q

vertebra

A

bone

plural: vertebrae

112
Q

cervical

A

neck region

there are 7 cervical vertebrae (C1 to C7)

113
Q

cervix

A

the neck, especially back part.

114
Q

thoracic

A

chest region. There are 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1 to T12) . Each bone is joined to a rib.

115
Q

lumbar

A

loin (waist) or flank region (between the ribs an the hipbone). There are five lumbar vertebrae (L1 to L5).

116
Q

sacral

A

5 bones (S1-S5) are fused to form one bone, the sacrum.

117
Q

coccygeal

A

the coccyx (tailbone) is a small bone composed of 4 fused pieces

118
Q

anterior (ventral)

A

front surface of the body.

e.g. the forehead is on the anterior side of the body.

119
Q

posterior (dorsal)

A

the back side of the body.

e.g. the back of the head is posterior (dorsal) to the face

120
Q

deep

A

away from the surface

the stab wound penetrated deep into the abdomen,

121
Q

superficial

A

on the surface.

e.g. superficial veins can be viewed through the skin

122
Q

proximal

A

near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure.
e.g. the proximal end of the upper arm bone (humerus) joins with the shoulder bone

123
Q

distal

A

far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure.
e.g. at its distal end, the humerous joins with the lower arm bones at the elbow

124
Q

humerus

A

upper arm bone

125
Q

inferior

A

below another structure.

e.g. the feet are at the inferior part of the body. They are inferior to the knees

126
Q

caudal

A

pt to the tail, or to the lower portion of the body) also means away from the head or below another structure.

127
Q

superior

A

above another structure.

e.g. the head lies superior to the neck.

128
Q

medial

A

pt da middle, or nearer the medial plane of the body

129
Q

lateral

A

pt da side.

e.g. the outterthigh is lateral in relation to the body.

130
Q

supine

adj

A

lying on the back.

e.g. the patient les supine during an examination of the abdomen

131
Q

Prone

adj

A

lying on the belly.

e.g. the backbones are axamined with the patient in a prone position

132
Q

frontal (coronal) plane

A

vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portion.

133
Q

sagital (lateral) plane

A

lengthwise vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides. The midsagital plane divides the body into right

134
Q

transverse plane (cross-sectional or axial)

A

horizontal plane running across the body parallel to the ground. This cross-sectional plane divides the body or structure into upper and lower portions.

135
Q

CT scan

A

computed tomography scan

136
Q

abdomino

137
Q

adipo

138
Q

adipose

A

full of fat

139
Q

-ose

A

pt or full of

140
Q

antero

141
Q

anterior

A

pt da front

142
Q

-ior

143
Q

anabolism

A

process of building up proteins in a cell.

144
Q

cervical

A

pt da necck of the body, or pt da neck of da uterus.

145
Q

chondro

146
Q

chondroma

A

a benign cartilage tumor.

147
Q

chondrosarcoma

A

a malignant tumor of the cartilage.

ung thư sụn

148
Q

urinary incontinence

A

tiểu ko tự chủ

149
Q

antero

150
Q

crano

151
Q

karyo

152
Q

latero

153
Q

lumbo

A

lower back (side and back between the ribs and the pelvis)

154
Q

lumbosacral

A

pt da lower back

155
Q

narrow

156
Q

funnel or heart-shaped

A

hinh phễu

157
Q

subpubic angle

A

góc dưới xương mu

158
Q

pubis

159
Q

ischium

\ˈis-kē-əm\

160
Q

acu/o

A

sharp, severve, sudden

161
Q

amnio

A

amnion (sac surrounding the embryo in the uterus)

162
Q

angio

163
Q

axillo

164
Q

blephar/o

165
Q

chron/o

166
Q

ischo

A

to hold back

167
Q

laparo

A

abdomen, abdominal wall

168
Q

masto

169
Q

morpho

A

shape, form

170
Q

muco

171
Q

my/o

172
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord, bone marrow

173
Q

necr/o

A

death (of cells or whole body)

174
Q

neutro

A

neutrophil (a white blood cell)

175
Q

ot/o

176
Q

peritone/o

A

perotoneum

177
Q

phago

A

to eat, swallow

178
Q

phleb/o

\ˈblef-ə-ro\

179
Q

plaso

A

formation, development

180
Q

pneumon/o

\ˌn(y)ü-mə-ˈno\

181
Q

pulmon/o

182
Q

ren/o

183
Q

staphyl/o

184
Q

strept/o

A

twisted chains

185
Q

veno

186
Q

phalanx

A

finger or toe

language of medicine (9 decks)

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